Nomenclature of Salix fragilis L. and a new species, S. euxina (Salicaceae)

Belyaeva, Irina V.

doi:10.1002/tax.584021

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Sometimes hybrids are so widespread they behave effectively as homoploid hybrid species. An example is the crack willow ( S. ×fragilis ) which is a hybrid between S. alba and S. euxina (Belyaeva 2009) but which constitutes a characteristic landscape feature over much of Europe and which authors have in the past considered a species (Meikle 1984). Another case where taxonomic treatment varies is S. bebbiana Sarg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salix transect of Europe: latitudinal patterns in willow diversity from Greece to arctic Norway

Cronk¹,

Ruzzier²,

Belyaeva³

et al. 2015

BDJ

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BackgroundWillows (Salix spp.) are ecosystem "foundation species" that are hosts to large numbers of associated insects. Determining their patterns of distribution across Europe is therefore of interest for understanding the spatial distribution of associated fauna. The aim of this study was to record species composition at multiple sites on a long latitudinal gradient (megatransect) across Europe as a baseline for the future detailed analysis of insect fauna at these sites. In this way we used willow stands as comparable mesocosms in which to study floristic and faunistic changes with latitude across Europe.New informationTo determine spatial patterning of an ecologically important group on a latitudinal gradient across Europe, we sampled willows at the stand level in 42 sites, approximately 100 km apart, from the Aegean (38.8°N) to the Arctic Ocean (70.6°N), but at a similar longitude (21.2 to 26.1°E). The sites were predominantly lowland (elevations 1 to 556 metres amsl, median = 95 m) and wet (associated with rivers, lakes, drainage ditches or wet meadows). The median number of willow taxa (species and hybrids) per stand was four, and varied from one to nine. There is a progressive increase in willow diversity from south to north with the median number of taxa per stand in southern Europe being three, and in northern Europe six. A total of 20 willow species were recorded, along with 12 hybrids. The most widespread willow in the transect was Salix alba L. (occurring in 20 sites out of 42) followed by S. triandra L. (15 sites), S. caprea L., S. phylicifolia L. (14 sites) and S. myrsinifolia Salisb., Salix ×fragilis L. (13 sites). Voucher specimens from this study are deposited in the herbaria of the Natural History Museum (BM) and the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (K). These samples provide a "snapshot" of willow diversity along a latitudinal gradient and an indication of the geographically changing taxonomic diversity that is presented to willow-feeding herbivores across Europe. It is anticipated that further papers will examine the insect fauna collected from these sites as part of this study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salix transect of Europe: latitudinal patterns in willow diversity from Greece to arctic Norway

Cronk¹,

Ruzzier²,

Belyaeva³

et al. 2015

BDJ

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“…Belyaeva (Salicaceae). The natural distribution area of Salix euxina includes the mountains of Asia Minor and South Georgia in the region of the Black Sea (chRistensen & Jonsell, 2005;Belyaeva, 2009). This species has been introduced in Europe and has become widely naturalized; however, because of nomenclatural problems and insufficient knowledge of taxonomy, it has not been separated from Salix ×fragilis L. (Belyaeva, 2009).…”

Section: Oenothera Casimirimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hRyniewiecki (1933) has described Salix fragilis var. sphaerica Hryn., which in fact is synonym of Salix euxina (Belyaeva, 2009;aRGus, 2010), and has noted that these plants were introduced in western Lithuania in 1785 from Sweden. Furthermore, hRyniewiecki (1933) has treated this species as cultivated plant growing along roads in Lithuania and Latvia.…”

Section: Oenothera Casimirimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last decades, the taxonomic treatment of some plant groups has changed significantly because of the acceptance of broader or narrower species concept and, thus, certain corrections have become necessary (Belyaeva, 2009;sennikov & PhiPPs, 2013, etc.). There is no doubt that in the future, based on the results of new researchers, the taxonomic position of other species will be clarified, and appropriate changes will be required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additions and Corrections to the List of Alien Plant Species of Lithuania

Gudžinskas

2018

Botanica

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Addition of nine alien plant species and correction of the taxonomic position of one alien species was provided in this publication. Occurrence of three species, Gossypium hirsutum, Leymus racemosus and Senna obtusifolia, has not been reported in Lithuania, yet. Gossypium hirsutum and Senna obtusifolia are casual grain immigrants and their naturalization in the country is unlikely. Leymus racemosus probably has spread to Lithuania from Kaliningrad region of Russia, where it has been introduced intentionally. Currently, this species is treated as naturalized in the Curonian Spit (Western Lithuania). The status of Bellis perennis, which previously had variously been treated as native or alien species in Lithuania, was discussed. Although Malus domestica, Medicago ×varia, Oenothera casimiri and Salix ×fragilis have been reported occurring in Lithuania long ago, their status in the country has not been clearly defined. Considering non-native origin of one or both parental species of these four species, they also should be treated as alien in the country. Based on the results of taxonomic treatments, the occurrence of Salix euxina in Lithuania was confirmed. Cultivated and escaped plants, formerly known under the name Aronia melanocarpa, in fact are intergeneric hybrids and should be treated as ×Sorbaronia mitschurinii. Distribution, habitats, naturalization and impact of ten alien species were discussed. Notes on the taxonomy of several alien species were presented. Comments on improper documentation of several published molecular studies were presented and problems of the result interpretation were discussed.

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“…Here, S. fragilis most frequently hybridizes with S. alba (Beismann et al 1997b;Triest et al 1997;Skvortsov 1999;De Cock et al 2003). A recent morphological study even states that pure S. fragilis is relatively rare in Central Europe, and most plants identified as S. fragilis are probably already hybrids (Belyaeva 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference of host plant morphology and phenology and their correlation with abundance patterns of the leaf galling sawfly Pontania proxima

Kehl

Rambold

2010

Population Ecology

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The host taxon preference of Pontania proxima (Serville 1823) (Tenthredinidae, Hymenoptera) was investigated by observing densities of galls on previously genotypically and phenotypically characterized clones representing three taxa of a hybrid complex, i.e., Salix alba, Salix 9 rubens, and Salix fragilis. Gall densities among these three taxa were observed by using two experimental designs: (1) an indoor experiment in a greenhouse flight cage, and (2) an outdoor experiment on a plantation of cuttings. Subsequently, observed gall densities were related with selected, characteristic phenotypical properties of the host plants. In the indoor experiment, S. fragilis was clearly preferred by P. proxima, while in the outdoor experiment, S. 9 rubens revealed the highest gall densities. The factor ''foliation start'' was excluded in the indoor experiment, but best explained the preference of S. 9 rubens in the outdoor experiment. The results of a linear regression model affirmed on the one hand that morphological properties should be expected as relevant signals during the host plant selection process of P. proxima. On the other hand, it was shown that other phenotypical factors such as foliation start in spring contribute to an interference of factors being relevant for host plant selectivity. The earlier foliation start of the morphological intermediate S. 9 rubens in the outdoor experiment shifts resource availability towards that taxon at an early oviposition phase of P. proxima and therefore entails a different gall distribution pattern with a preference for the hybrid under natural conditions.

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Nomenclature of Salix fragilis L. and a new species, S. euxina (Salicaceae)

Abstract: Salix × fragilis L. is lectotypified and S. ×rubens Schrank, S. decipiens Hoffm. and S. fragilis L. var. decipiens W.D.J. Koch are confirmed as synonyms of S. ×fragilis. A new species, S. euxina I.V. Belyaeva, is described.

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Salix transect of Europe: latitudinal patterns in willow diversity from Greece to arctic Norway

Salix transect of Europe: latitudinal patterns in willow diversity from Greece to arctic Norway

Additions and Corrections to the List of Alien Plant Species of Lithuania

Interference of host plant morphology and phenology and their correlation with abundance patterns of the leaf galling sawfly Pontania proxima

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