Nomophobia: An Individual’s Growing Fear of Being without a Smartphone—A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This review examines the current literature focused on nomophobia (objectives, methodological design, main variables, sample details, and measurement methods) in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. The initial sample consisted of 142 articles, of which 42 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. The findings show that the current research is in an exploratory phase, with a greater predominance of descriptive, nonexperimental, and cross-sectional studies that explore the prevalence of nomophobia mainly in adolescents and university students. The most widely used measurement instrument is the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) proposed by Yildrim and Correia. In addition, the research suggests that nomophobia negatively affects personality, self-esteem, anxiety, stress, academic performance, and other physical and mental health problems. We are therefore faced with a health problem, which negatively affects a person, causing psychological problems and physical and behavioral changes.

Internet Addiction in the Web of Science Database: A Review of the Literature with Scientific Mapping

“…In a similar vein, the analysis of the relationship between issues through the Jaccard index allowed us to discern relevant connections between issues, as was the case with the one maintained between "prevalence-prevalence-depression-adolescent", "addiction-behavior-addiction-adolescent", or "online-loneliness-self-esteem". These links allowed us to corroborate the interest of the research community in the risks associated with ADIN over the years, an idea similar to those expressed in previous research [7,17,33,34]. Specifically, the main population under study, according to the works analyzed, are young people, especially adolescents.…”

“…The way in which people interact with each other, entertain themselves, and consume through the media has been modified through the Internet [5]. However, as more people connect to multimedia devices to share information and make use of the possibilities they are offered, cases of media addiction are growing at a dangerous pace [6,7]. These addictions have grown significantly over the last decade [8], surpassing other types of addictions.…”

Nomophobia: Is the Fear of Being without a Smartphone Associated with Problematic Use?

“…Although problematic mobile phone use has been explored throughout Australia [ 38 ], our study is the first to explore nomophobia among an Australian sample. This study consists of the second largest sample size ( n = 2838) in any nomophobia study to date [ 31 ], revealing a mean nomophobia score of 69.4 (moderate) among respondents. By comparison, a sample of over 3216 Iranian adolescents showed a mean nomophobia score of 74.65 [ 39 ].…”

“…In short, the fear of being without a mobile phone has a relationship with psychometric traits that can lead to problematic behaviour; however, there is no research detailing whether nomophobia is actually problematic. Additionally, a recent systematic literature review of over 42 studies focused on nomophobia [ 31 ] found the condition exists globally; however, no studies have explored nomophobia is Australia.…”

Scientific Performance and Mapping of the Term STEM in Education on the Web of Science

“…This scientific mapping takes as main references, the h index and the number of citations [68], and as secondary indicators, the g, hg and q2 indexes [69], trying to offer as much information as possible about the metrics of the field of study [70]. Throughout this procedure, a PRISMA protocol has been applied to collect scientific output [71], and various criteria for inclusion in the control variables to show the results obtained [72].…”