“…Traffic assignment (TA) problem plays a central role in urban transportation network analysis (Sheffi, 1985). It has been widely used for various purposes, for example, transportation system assessment (Kitthamkesorn and Chen, 2017), impact prediction of projects and policies (Huang and Li, 2007;Cantarella et al, 2015), traffic restraints with respect to congestion or emission (Chen et al, 2011), time-cost tradeoff in traffic assignment (Leurent, 1993;Chen et al, 2010Chen et al, , 2012Perederieieva et al, 2018), traffic management strategy (Yang and Bell, 1997;Tan et al, 2019), signal control optimization (Chiou, 2007), road network design (Yin et al, 2009;Szeto et al, 2015), paradox analysis (Yang and Bell, 1998;Yang and Chen, 2009;Yao et al, 2019), etc. The stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) problem is one of the important models of the TA problem.…”