Non-aggregated lipophilic water-soluble tin porphyrins as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract

<p>Readily-synthesized water-soluble Sn(<sc>iv</sc>) tetrapyridylporphyrin dyes have been prepared which exhibit enhanced properties for use as photosensitizer dyes in biomedical applications.</p>

Blue-Light-Activated Water-Soluble Sn(IV)-Porphyrins for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) against Drug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens

“…Samples of Sn(IV) tetrapyridylporphyrins 1 and 2 prepared for our previous study were used. 37 Stock solutions of 1 and 2 were prepared in double distilled water. Aliquots of different concentrations in water were prepared by serial dilution of appropriate volume from the stock solution and kept in the dark.…”

Sn(iv)-porphyrinoids for photodynamic anticancer and antimicrobial chemotherapy

“…Our recent research on Sn(IV) tetraarylporphyrins has hence focused primarily on how meso-aryl groups and axial ligands can be modified to red shift the Q band maximum (Table 1), hinder aggregation and/or enhance aqueous solubility, cellular uptake and lipophilicity of photosensitizer dyes. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] It is anticipated that porphyrin analogues, such as corroles, chlorins and N-confused porphyrins, will be most likely to be used Fig. 4 Normalized absorption spectra of the Sn(IV) complexes of 1a tetraphenylporphyrin (SnTPP), 18a tetrathien-2-ylporphyrin (SnTTP), 44 13b octabromotetraphenylporphyrin (SnBr 8 TPP), 41 14b tetraphenylcorrole (SnTPC), 42 14a tetrathien-2-ylcorrole (SnTTC), 42 a tetraphenylchlorin model complex (SnTPChl), 18b tetrathien-2-ylchlorin (SnTTChl) 44 and 20a N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin (SnTPNCP) in DMF and benzene.…”

“…Our recent research on Sn( iv ) tetraarylporphyrins has hence focused primarily on how meso -aryl groups and axial ligands can be modified to red shift the Q band maximum (Table 1), hinder aggregation and/or enhance aqueous solubility, cellular uptake and lipophilicity of photosensitizer dyes. 36–46 It is anticipated that porphyrin analogues, such as corroles, chlorins and N-confused porphyrins, will be most likely to be used in future in the context of PDT. Four specific types of structurally modified porphyrin analogues have been examined; octabrominated tetraarylporphyrin dyes in which the pyrrole moieties are modified at the β positions (Fig.…”

“…12) and their PDT and PACT activities were studied (Tables 2 and 3). 37 2-Napthalato groups were introduced as axial ligands to prevent aggregation in the aqueous medium. 8a and 8b exhibited similar photophysical properties in DMSO and water with an intense B band at ca.…”

Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: Advancements in Porphyrin-Based Photosensitize Development

“…As shown in Table 1 , fatty acids such as oleic acid and palmitic acid have been used to make superior porphyrin-based PACT systems. Such systems have exhibited better membrane penetration ability, enhanced microbial activity, reduction in aggregation of porphyrins, and high single oxygen production ( Babu et al, 2019 ; Babu et al, 2020b ). These modifications and the observed improvements are summarized in Table 1 .…”