Non-AIDS Kaposi sarcoma in the external ear

Recurrent Kaposi sarcoma of the ear in an HIV‐negative patient: A case report with review of the literature. Is ear a predilection site for Kaposi sarcoma in HIV‐negatives?

“…In this article, we presented a case of recurrent KS on the ear with a literature review on ear KS cases (Table 1). 5,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The literature review disclosed 24 cases since the year 1941 until 2020, highlighting the rarity of this presentation. Sixteen males and seven females aged 3-85 years (median, 62 years; mean, 57.4 years) were retrieved.…”

“…7 Agaimy et al 6 hypothesized that maybe impaired local immunosurveillance and pro-inflammatory cytokines release is the causative factor. Although the exact reason why the ear is a predilection site in HIV-negative patients who develop KS in head and neck region is not clear, Francés et al 22 proposed that in addition to some factors such as trauma and infection in acral sites, insufficient vascularization makes it difficult for immune system to access.…”

“…Sixteen males and seven females aged 3-85 years (median, 62 years; mean, 57.4 years) were retrieved. Of these 24 cases of ear skin KS, two cases were HIV-positive, 24,27 13 cases were HIV-negative, 6,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]25,26 and others were unknown. Among these, four cases had visceral involvement including lymph node, bone, urethra, stomach, colon, liver, and spleen, and the rest were limited to the skin including just limited to the auricle (n = 11), ear and mucosal sites (n = 4), ear and extremities (n = 9), and ear and other sites in the head and neck region (chin and eyelid) (n = 3).…”