Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Youth With Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

Scapaticci, Serena; D'Adamo, Ebe; Mohn, Angelika; Chiarelli, Francesco; Giannini, Cosimo

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.639548

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 240 publications

(268 reference statements)

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“…The initial assessment of NAFLD is an integration of clinical, laboratory, and imaging evaluations [ 23 ]. Additionally, hepatic steatosis is still detected by ultrasonography when fatty hepatic infiltration is as low as 20–30% [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Weight Reduction on Thyroid Function and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver among Egyptian Adolescents with Obesity

Amin

Ali²,

El-Sayed

2022

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Background. The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide. This may explain the emergence of nonalcoholic fatty liver as the leading cause of liver disease. Several previous studies have addressed the association between thyroid function and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Objectives. To study the impact of weight reduction through lifestyle modifications in adolescents with obesity. Methods. A prospective cohort study was done on 61 adolescents with obesity. Patients were evaluated at the first visit by the full history, clinical examination, and investigations (thyroid profile, lipid profile, liver function tests, HbA1c, and liver ultrasonography) as basal information. The intervention program included a dietary program, increasing physical activity, and decreasing sedentary activity. A postintervention evaluation was done at the end of six months which included anthropometric measures, laboratory results, and ultrasonographic estimation. Results. It was shown that the mean BMI of the participants had significantly decreased after lifestyle modification from (32.05 ± 3.36 kg/m2) to (28.1 ± 2.77 kg/m2) ( P < 0.001 ). It also showed that the percentage of studied adolescents with elevated TSH decreased from 47.5% to 19.7% after the weight reduction program. Improvement was also achieved in the lipid profile and liver functions. The percentage of studied adolescents with ultrasound appearance of NAFLD decreased from 31.1% to 26.2% after weight reduction. Conclusions. Lifestyle modification positively influences the metabolic derangement in obesity without medical treatment. ΔTSH is a significant predictor of the change in BMI z-score. It is also possible that hepatic steatosis affects thyroid function rather than the other way around.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Weight Reduction on Thyroid Function and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver among Egyptian Adolescents with Obesity

Amin

Ali²,

El-Sayed

2022

International Journal of Endocrinology

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“…On the other hand, also protective gene-variants have been described. Particularly, the genetic variant of the gene codifying the PPP1R3B has been described as protective against NAFLD because it promotes glycogen synthesis rather than lipogenesis [33].…”

Section: Genetics Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in obese youth with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Mastromauro

Polidori

Giannini

2022

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of reviewThe aim of this review is to present the new definition of the disease, defining the epidemiology, risk factors with a particular attention to the role of insulin resistance (IR) and to define the main treatments explored.Recent findingsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was previously considered a primary liver disease, but it would be more correct to consider it a component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in which IR might play a key role. Based on these findings, it has been recently proposed to modify the classic term of NAFLD to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) that better reflects the pathophysiology of this complex disease.SummaryCurrently, no treatments approved in childhood are available, thus the only recommended approach is the prevention and correction of the known risk factors, and particularly of IR. However, further studies are needed to better clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms of NAFLD in order to establish more tailored therapies.

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“…Given the critical functions of the liver, declining metabolic health is unsurprisingly one of the first indications of metabolic disease. Hepatic steatosis is correlated with T2D and is an early indicator of IR ( 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Liver and Pancreatic Islet Crosstalk to β-Cell Function/Dysfunction in the Presence of Fatty Liver

et al. 2022

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Tissue-to-tissue crosstalk regulates organ function, according to growing data. This phenomenon is relevant for pancreatic β-cells and the liver, as both tissues are involved in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The ability to fine-tune regulation and adaptive responses is enabled through communication between pancreatic β-cells and the liver. However, the crosstalk between both tissues changes when metabolic dysregulation is present. Factors and cargo from extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by liver and pancreatic β-cells that reach the circulation form the words of this interaction. The molecules released by the liver are called hepatokines and are usually secreted in response to the metabolic state. When hepatokines reach the pancreatic islets several mechanisms are initiated for their protection or damage. In the case of the crosstalk between pancreatic β-cells and the liver, only one factor has been found to date. This protein, pancreatic derived factor (PANDER) has been proposed as a novel linker between insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and could be considered a biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and T2D. Furthermore, the cargo released by EVs, mainly miRNAs, plays a significant role in this crosstalk. A better knowledge of the crosstalk between liver and pancreatic β-cells is essential to understand both diseases and it could lead to better prevention and new therapeutic options.

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Youth With Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 45 publications

References 240 publications

Impact of Weight Reduction on Thyroid Function and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver among Egyptian Adolescents with Obesity

Impact of Weight Reduction on Thyroid Function and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver among Egyptian Adolescents with Obesity

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in obese youth with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Contribution of Liver and Pancreatic Islet Crosstalk to β-Cell Function/Dysfunction in the Presence of Fatty Liver

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