Non-antibiotic strategies for the control of necrotic enteritis in poultry

Mahmood, Khalid; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Hussaın, Iftikhar; Abbas, Rao Zahid; Khaliq, Tanweer; Arif, Jalal; Mahmood, Fazal

doi:10.1017/s0043933914000919

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Wheat, barley, rye, and oat contain lower bioavailable energy, and elevated NSP levels in comparison to corn ( 40 ) are alternative options. However, these cereals have limited use in monogastric diets, because often high-inclusion results in relatively poor performance, detrimental litter conditions, and increase predisposition for NE ( 41 – 43 ). Hence, supplemental carbohydrases, such as NSP-degrading enzymes, have allowed to increase the utilization of these alternative ingredients by reducing their antinutritional effects ( 40 , 44 , 45 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Bacillus spp. for Cellulase and Xylanase Production as Direct-Fed Microbials to Reduce Digesta Viscosity and Clostridium perfringens Proliferation Using an in vitro Digestive Model in Different Poultry Diets

et al. 2015

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Previously, our laboratory has screened and identified Bacillus spp. isolates as direct-fed microbials (DFM). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cellulase and xylanase production of these isolates and select the most appropriate Bacillus spp. candidates for DFM. Furthermore, an in vitro digestive model, simulating different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, was used to determine the effect of these selected candidates on digesta viscosity and Clostridium perfringens proliferation in different poultry diets. Production of cellulase and xylanase were based on their relative enzyme activity. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequence classified two strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and one of the strains as Bacillus subtilis. The DFM was included at a concentration of 108 spores/g of feed in five different sterile soybean-based diets containing corn, wheat, rye, barley, or oat. After digestion time, supernatants from different diets were collected to measure viscosity, and C. perfringens proliferation. Additionally, from each in vitro simulated compartment, samples were taken to enumerate viable Bacillus spores using a plate count method after heat-treatment. Significant (P < 0.05) DFM-associated reductions in supernatant viscosity and C. perfringens proliferation were observed for all non-corn diets. These results suggest that antinutritional factors, such as non-starch polysaccharides from different cereals, can enhance viscosity and C. perfringens growth. Remarkably, dietary inclusion of the DFM that produce cellulase and xylanase reduced both viscosity and C. perfringens proliferation compared with control diets. Regardless of diet composition, 90% of the DFM spores germinated during the first 30 min in the crop compartment of the digestion model, followed by a noteworthy increased in the intestine compartment by ~2log10, suggesting a full-life cycle development. Further studies to evaluate in vivo necrotic enteritis effects are in progress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Bacillus spp. for Cellulase and Xylanase Production as Direct-Fed Microbials to Reduce Digesta Viscosity and Clostridium perfringens Proliferation Using an in vitro Digestive Model in Different Poultry Diets

et al. 2015

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“…Peptidoglycans, i.e., components of the bacterial cell wall, are their target site of action [ 79 ]. Moreover, it has been shown that endolysins released in the gastrointestinal tract exert a specific negative effect only on C. perfringens without killing other species of bacteria of this genus, which are part of natural gastrointestinal biota [ 95 , 96 ].…”

Section: Bacteriophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Last Call for Replacement of Antimicrobials in Animal Production: Modern Challenges, Opportunities, and Potential Solutions

Nowakiewicz

Zięba²,

Gnat

et al. 2020

Antibiotics

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The constant market demand for easily available and cheap food of animal origin necessitates an increasing use of antibiotics in animal production. The alarming data provided by organizations monitoring drug resistance in indicator and pathogenic bacteria isolated from humans and animals indicate a possible risk of a return to the preantibiotic era. For this reason, it seems that both preventive and therapeutic measures, taken as an alternative to antimicrobials, seem not only advisable but also necessary. Nevertheless, the results of various studies and market analyses, as well as difficulties in the implementation of alternative substances into veterinary medicine, do not guarantee that the selected alternatives will completely replace antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and animal production on a global scale. This publication is a brief overview of the drug resistance phenomenon and its determinants, the steps taken to solve the problem, including the introduction of alternatives to antimicrobials, and the evaluation of some factors influencing the potential implementation of alternatives in animal production. The review also presents two groups of alternatives, which, given their mechanism of action and spectrum, are most comparable to the effectiveness of antibiotics, as emphasized by the authors.

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“…Bacteriocins produced by probiotics possess a high antibacterial activity against Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. Probiotic (s) supplementation in feed is considered to be the potential candidate strategy for controlling necrotic enteritis (Mahmood et al, 2014) and Eimeria acervulina and E. tenella with effective reduction of oocysts (Lee et al, 2007).…”

Section: Benefits Of Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring alternatives to antibiotics as health promoting agents in poultry- a review

Yadav¹,

Kolluri²,

Gopi³

et al. 2016

JEBAS

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Poultry industry has undergone rapid growth during last three decades. For which even higher usage of antibiotics, both as growth promoters as well as therapeutic agents, has been adopted. However, due to the fear of resistance development in bacterial populations to antibiotics, presence of antibiotic residues in poultry products and increasing consumer demand for products free from antibiotic residues, search for alternatives that could replace antibiotics without causing loss to productivity or product quality has accelerated. Such alternatives in poultry include the use of organic acids, probiotic microorganisms, prebiotic substrates that benefit proliferation of beneficial bacterial populations or synbiotic (combinations of prebiotics and probiotics) ensuring better production and maintaining health of the birds. Others include vitamins and minerals, herbal drugs, plant extracts, phytobiotics and antimicrobial peptides. Probiotic organisms provides competition to pathogenic organisms for intestinal colonizing sites, reduce the diversion of nutrients for harmful microbes and the toxins produced by them and stimulates the immune systems. Similarly, prebiotic offers an alternative, as it alters the intestinal microbes and immune system to reduce colonization by pathogens and allows proliferation of beneficial microflora in the gut. Even using synbiotic is a better strategy for enhancing poultry production, however, more research is needed for selection of probiotic, prebiotics or synbiotics either alone or in combination that can result in the selection of strains capable of performing effectively in the gastrointestinal tract. The contents of this review will be useful for researchers to enrich their knowledge on alternatives of antibiotics in poultry birds without compromising performance of birds and bird welfare.

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Non-antibiotic strategies for the control of necrotic enteritis in poultry

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Selection of Bacillus spp. for Cellulase and Xylanase Production as Direct-Fed Microbials to Reduce Digesta Viscosity and Clostridium perfringens Proliferation Using an in vitro Digestive Model in Different Poultry Diets

Selection of Bacillus spp. for Cellulase and Xylanase Production as Direct-Fed Microbials to Reduce Digesta Viscosity and Clostridium perfringens Proliferation Using an in vitro Digestive Model in Different Poultry Diets

Last Call for Replacement of Antimicrobials in Animal Production: Modern Challenges, Opportunities, and Potential Solutions

Exploring alternatives to antibiotics as health promoting agents in poultry- a review

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