Non-aqueous Electrode Processing and Construction of Lithium-ion Coin Cells

Stein, Malcolm; Chen, Chien‐Fan; Juarez-Robles, Daniel; Rhodes, Christopher P.; Mukherjee, Partha P.

doi:10.3791/53490

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The nominal thickness of the sheets is found out to be approximately 25 μm (as shown in Ref. 43). As an additional processing step, several cathode discs are calendered at a pressure of 4 MPa, to a thickness of 15 μm.…”

Section: Method: Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This mechanical contact is instrumental in ensuring proper adhesion between electrode composite and current collector. If the electrodes are prepared under extreme conditions, 43 e.g., very high temperature which leads to rapid evaporation or too much solvent content, this leads to poor adhesion. This quality of adhesion achieved in the present set of experiments is determined by performing 1 mm bend test, where the electrode is wound around a 1 mm rod, thus replicating the mechanical state of a standard spirallywound configuration found in 18650 cylindrical cells.…”

Section: Two-stage 70mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanistic Understanding of the Role of Evaporation in Electrode Processing

Stein

Mistry

Mukherjee

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

Self Cite

105

117

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Electrode processing based on the state-of-the-art materials represents a scientific opportunity toward a cost-effective measure for improving the lithium-ion battery performance. In this regard, perhaps the most important is the drying step in a typical non-aqueous based slurry processing which can profoundly impact the electrode microstructure and hence performance. Solvent evaporation during drying plays a critical role in the redistribution of the particulate phases consisting of active particle, conductive additive and binder. In this work, we attempt to provide a mechanistic understanding of the role of solvent evaporation on the electrode characteristics and performance via a combined experimental and theoretical analysis. This study elucidates that a non-uniform distribution of the constituent phases, especially the relatively mobile conductive additive and binder, can develop which depends on the solvent evaporation, particle diffusion and sedimentation attributes. Experimental results and theoretical analysis reveal the impact of evaporation rate on the conductive additive and binder distribution in the electrode microstructure and resulting electrochemical performance. Our analysis has shown that a slower two-stage drying, as opposed to a high-rate single-stage drying, allows for a favorable distribution of binder and conductive additive, thus reducing internal cell resistance and improving electrochemical performance. Increasing concerns about depleting fossil fuel reserves, energy security, and climate change have given rise to interest in the adoption of renewable energy in place of traditional, petroleum-based fuels. The implementation and usage of renewable energies have been limited due to lack of efficient storage and transportation infrastructure. Recent improvements in the energy density and durability of lithiumion batteries (LIBs) have made them an increasingly attractive means of energy storage. [1][2][3][4] Further improvements in lithium-ion technology would increase the viability of widespread adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy integration into the electric grid. For example, improvements in the capacity of LIBs would not only improve the effective range of electric vehicles, 5,6 but also improve their cycle life by reducing the depth of discharge, which in turn increases the viability of LIBs for use in grid energy storage applications. 7The performance of Li-ion batteries depends on the electrode materials, the choice of electrolyte, and the cell architecture.4,8 A typical LIB positive electrode (cathode) is composed of a combination of Li-containing active material, conductive additive, polymeric binder, and pore space that is filled with an electrolyte. Typically, these are created by casting out and drying a thin film of slurry containing these multi-phase components. 19 but little attention is paid to the physical understanding of the electrode processing. The importance of this electrode preparation step cannot be overemphasized. In addition to determining the cel...

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Section: Method: Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Two-stage 70mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Understanding of the Role of Evaporation in Electrode Processing

Stein

Mistry

Mukherjee

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

Self Cite

105

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Agglomeration of these phases can cause deactivation of regions in the final deposited electrode. Agglomeration in the slurry and highly viscous slurry have been attributed to the rapid NMP evaporation from the 1.5% PVDF binder solution [42]. The agglomeration is caused by the deposition of concentrated binder as well as the conductive additive on the electrode surface [42].…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agglomeration in the slurry and highly viscous slurry have been attributed to the rapid NMP evaporation from the 1.5% PVDF binder solution [42]. The agglomeration is caused by the deposition of concentrated binder as well as the conductive additive on the electrode surface [42]. Furthermore, the cracks may also be the attributed to a coarse CNT60 particle size.…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

UQ eSpace

Zainuddin¹

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I would like to express my utmost gratitude specially for my supervisor, Dr. Ruth Knibbe for her endless help and motivation throughout the completion of my thesis. She has never failed to provide me guidance and support that I needed every time I encounter a problem regarding my project. Her deep passion in this field has got me interested in this thesis project in the first place and also got me inspired to push through and complete my thesis as best as I can. Next, I would like to thank the senior colleagues, Yishu Chang and Ashley Abinash Anthony for easing my induction processes to familiarise with handling of laboratory equipment and executing experimental methods. Also, thank you to Md. Rana for helping me to provide guidance as he is always ready any questions to clear my uncertainty on any issues. I am also grateful for the other researchers in the group such as Ling Bing, Syed Ahad, Zhila, Kou and Ahadhim as they had been giving their insights and comments in our weekly meeting discussions. The discussion has definitely helped me to understand any complex content on the topic, allowing for better execution of the project. Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to my whole family and close friends for their never-ending support throughout my years of study.

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“…The next generation processing of electrodes should reduce the costs and eliminate the toxicity to meet future battery production demands. Some of the most promising alternatives for the current wet slurry processing mentioned in literature are shown in Table 8, including solvent reduction, alternative solvent recovery methods, water-based processing [90,176,177], and dry electrode processing [73,[178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185]. Among future generations battery technologies, both new electrode chemistries and solid-state electrolyte (SSE) concepts have emerged.…”

Section: Next-generation Electrode Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for the State-of-the-Art Production of LIB Electrodes—A Review

Bryntesen¹,

Strømman²,

Tolstorebrov³

et al. 2021

Energies

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A sustainable shift from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is essential to achieve a considerable reduction in emissions. The production of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) used in EVs is an energy-intensive and costly process. It can also lead to significant embedded emissions depending on the source of energy used. In fact, about 39% of the energy consumption in LIB production is associated with drying processes, where the electrode drying step accounts for about a half. Despite the enormous energy consumption and costs originating from drying processes, they are seldomly researched in the battery industry. Establishing knowledge within the LIB industry regarding state-of-the-art drying techniques and solvent evaporation mechanisms is vital for optimising process conditions, detecting alternative solvent systems, and discovering novel techniques. This review aims to give a summary of the state-of-the-art LIB processing techniques. An in-depth understanding of the influential factors for each manufacturing step of LIBs is then established, emphasising the electrode structure and electrochemical performance. Special attention is dedicated to the convection drying step in conventional water and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)-based electrode manufacturing. Solvent omission in dry electrode processing substantially lowers the energy demand and allows for a thick, mechanically stable electrode coating. Small changes in the electrode manufacturing route may have an immense impact on the final battery performance. Electrodes used for research and development often have a different production route and techniques compared to those processed in industry. The scalability issues related to the comparison across scales are discussed and further emphasised when the industry moves towards the next-generation techniques. Finally, the critical aspects of the innovations and industrial modifications that aim to overcome the main challenges are presented.

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Non-aqueous Electrode Processing and Construction of Lithium-ion Coin Cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Mechanistic Understanding of the Role of Evaporation in Electrode Processing

Mechanistic Understanding of the Role of Evaporation in Electrode Processing

UQ eSpace

Opportunities for the State-of-the-Art Production of LIB Electrodes—A Review

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