2016
DOI: 10.1149/2.0921607jes
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Non-Aqueous K-Ion Battery Based on Layered K0.3MnO2and Hard Carbon/Carbon Black

Abstract: Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of negative (a hard carbon/carbon black composite) and positive (K0.3MnO2) active materials for K-ion batteries as well as their combination in a non-aqueous K-ion cell. The hard carbon/carbon black composite can deliver up to 200 mAh g−1 while the layered birnessite K0.3MnO2 delivers up to 136 mAh g−1. The K-ion cell exhibits an interesting and encouraging cycling performance for 100 cycles. These exciting new insights demonstrate the potential of K-ion ba… Show more

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Cited by 372 publications
(355 citation statements)
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“…Note that for the stage 1 compound, K is regularly arranged in the center of carbon hexagons in every layer, forming an arrangement with a nominal composition of KC 8 . For stage 2, K ions occupy every other layer, and the K content in each K-filled layer is found to be two thirds of that of the stage 1 phase; the composition of stage 2 compound then becomes K 2/3 C 16 (i.e., KC 24 ), rather than KC 16 . [32] The ex situ experiments also revealed a large volume expansion upon potassiation, corresponding to an increase in the unit cell parameter c of ≈60% (3.…”
Section: Graphite Anodesmentioning
confidence: 98%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Note that for the stage 1 compound, K is regularly arranged in the center of carbon hexagons in every layer, forming an arrangement with a nominal composition of KC 8 . For stage 2, K ions occupy every other layer, and the K content in each K-filled layer is found to be two thirds of that of the stage 1 phase; the composition of stage 2 compound then becomes K 2/3 C 16 (i.e., KC 24 ), rather than KC 16 . [32] The ex situ experiments also revealed a large volume expansion upon potassiation, corresponding to an increase in the unit cell parameter c of ≈60% (3.…”
Section: Graphite Anodesmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…[1] However, renewable energy is inherently intermittent, creating a discrepancy between energy harvesting www.advenergymat.de (≈1000 USD per ton) is also much lower than that of lithium carbonate (≈6500 USD per ton). [23,24] More importantly, K has a lower standard redox potential than Na and even Li in nonaqueous electrolytes, which can be translated into a potentially higher cell voltage of KIBs compared with those of NIBs and LIBs. [25,26] The most important advantage of KIB technology over NIB technology is that graphite can accommodate reversible K de/intercalation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[5] Later, the amorphous phase of FePO 4 as well as organic materials were also suggested as cathodes for KIBs. [6][7][8][9] Recently, K-ion insertion was shown to be possible in K 0.3 MnO 2 , [21] but the low K content of that material requires the use of K metal or pre-potassiated anodes.…”
Section: Doi: 101002/aenm201700098mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[5,[8][9][10][11][12] Layered transition metal oxides (TMOs) have been considered promising candidates for LIB and NIB cathodes because of their dense close-packed structure as well as their high Li and Na diffusivities. [13][14][15] In this respect, K-TMOs, including K x CoO 2 (x= 0.41, 0.6, and 0.67), [16][17] K x MnO 2 (x= 0.3 and 0.5), [18][19] K 0.7 Fe 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 , [20] and K 0.67 Ni 0.17 Co 0.17 Mn 0.66 O 2 , [21] have been investigated as cathode materials for KIBs. However, the specific capacities and working voltage of K-TMOs are lower than those of Li-and Na-TMOs due to the strong K + -K + interaction which is much larger than the corresponding Li + -Li + or Na + -Na + interactions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the specific capacities and working voltage of K-TMOs are lower than those of Li-and Na-TMOs due to the strong K + -K + interaction which is much larger than the corresponding Li + -Li + or Na + -Na + interactions. [16][17][18][19][20][21] The strong K + -K + interaction is due to the large size of K + which increases the distance between the oxygen layers and reduces their effectiveness in screening the K + -K + electrostatic repulsion. This strong interaction results in greater voltage slope and low specific capacity between set voltage limits for layered K-TMOs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%