Non-association of dopamine D4 and D2 receptor genes with personality in healthy individuals

Gebhardt, Ch.; Leisch, Friedrich; Schüssler, P.; Fuchs, Karoline; Stompe, Thomas; Sieghart, Werner; Hornik, Kurt; Kasper, Siegfried; Aschauer, Harald

doi:10.1097/00041444-200010030-00005

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…However, our present study of total, male or female subjects identified no significant association between any of the 3 tested SNPs in the NTR1 gene, which is closely connected to the dopamine system, and NS scores, suggesting that NTR1 is not a defining factor in the NS temperament dimension, at least in the Chinese Han genetic background. In fact, the current results are consistent with those of many previous studies that found no associations between DRD2 [44], DRD4 [44,45,46,47,48], and dopamine transporter 1 [47] gene variants and NS in different healthy populations, and that did not replicate the results that variants in the genes encoding proteins in the dopamine system were related to NS trait scores.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Neurotensin Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Personality Traits in Healthy Chinese Individuals

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2013

Neuropsychobiology

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Aims: Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) is a neurotensin (NT) receptor subtype with a high affinity for NT. NT and NTR1 signaling are involved in modulating the dopamine system. Individual variations in the dopamine system have been demonstrated to determine certain dimensions of personality, but no studies have thus far investigated the involvement of the NTR1 in the biological determination of personality. We therefore examined this link in a Chinese Han population. Methods: We genotyped 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs6090453C/G, rs6011914C/G, and rs2427422A/G) of the NTR1 gene and collected the data about the personality traits of novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), and reward dependence (RD), as well as their subscales (measured by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire), in 575 healthy Chinese Han subjects. Then we examined the association between the 3 NTR1 gene polymorphisms and each personality trait. Results: There were significant differences in the HA2, HA3 and RD1 scores between rs6090453C/G genotypes (F = 3.425, 5.651, 4.054, p = 0.033, 0.004, 0.018, respectively), in the HA2 and total RD scores between rs6011914C/G genotypes (F = 4.080, 3.712, p = 0.017, 0.025, respectively), and in the total RD (χ² = 7.301, p = 0.026) and RD3 (F = 4.119, p = 0.017) scores between the rs2427422A/G genotypes. There were significant male-specific differences in the RD1 scores between the rs6090453C/G genotypes (F = 3.334, p = 0.037), in the total HA (F = 3.043, p = 0.049), HA2 (F = 4.472, p = 0.012) and RD3 (χ² = 6.997, p = 0.030) scores between the rs6011914C/G genotypes, and in the HA2 (F = 3.177, p = 0.043), total RD (χ² = 7.032, p = 0.030), and RD3 (F = 4.563, p = 0.011) scores between the rs2427422A/G genotypes. We also demonstrated a significant female-specific difference in the total RD scores between the rs6011914C/G genotypes (F = 3.677, p = 0.026). There was no significant difference in the total NS and subscale scores between the genotypes of all 3 SNPs (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: The variations in the NTR1 gene were involved in the biological mechanisms of HA and RD personality traits; however, the effect is influenced by gender.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Neurotensin Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Personality Traits in Healthy Chinese Individuals

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2013

Neuropsychobiology

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“…In addition, we used back references from identified papers to find as many pertinent papers as possible. We found a total of 19 relevant papers 5,6,13,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] (Table 1) would mean that the mean NS of the carrier of the long allele was lower by half a standard deviation than the mean NS score of those who do not carry a long allele. Note that d can be converted to a correlation coefficient (Pearson's r) but the choice of meta-analysts is to work with the unit of measurement that is characteristic of the literature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the association between DRD4 polymorphism and novelty seeking

2002

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A meta-analytical review of 20 studies (n = 3907) of the association between DRD4 polymorphism and novelty seeking suggests the following conclusions: (a) on average, there is no association between DRD4 polymorphism and novelty seeking (average d = 0.06 with 95% CI of ± 0.09), where 13 reports suggest that the presence of longer alleles is associated with higher novelty seeking scores and seven reports suggest the opposite; (b) there is a true heterogeneity among the studies (ie, unknown moderators do exist) but the strength of the association between DRD4 polymorphism and novelty seeking in the presence of any (unknown) moderator is likely to be weak; (c) search for moderators has not yielded any reliable explanation for the variability among studies. We propose that to find such moderators, theory-driven research for potential interaction, coupled with larger sample sizes should be employed. The growing availability of powerful statistical techniques, high-throughput genotyping and large numbers of polymorphic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms makes such proposed studies increasingly feasible. Molecular Psychiatry (2002) 7, 712-717. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001082Keywords: meta-analysis; personality; polymorphism (genetics); dopamine D4 receptor; novelty seeking; questionnaire Evidence based on twin and adoption studies suggests that human personality traits are partially heritable. 1 However, the specific genes responsible for trait variability are not known. Human personality is usually assessed using self-report questionnaires and one such questionnaire is the tridimensional personality questionnaire or TPQ designed by Cloninger 2 which has been widely used in genetic studies. The TPQ is based on a biosocial theory of personality that draws on human and animal work to suggest that behavior is mediated by certain neurotransmitters which underlie three basic and largely heritable dimensions, called 'Novelty Seeking (NS),' 'Harm Avoidance (HA)' and 'Reward Dependence (RD).' Cloninger suggested that the trait of NS is mediated by genetic variability in dopamine transmission whereas HA is mediated by serotonergic transmission and RD by noradrenergic transmission. Research undertaken to test this hypothesis identified the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) exon III polymorphism 3,4 as a candidate gene that may be associated with the NS trait. 5,6 This polymorphism is an unusually variable repeat region in the third cytoplasmic loop of the receptor coding for 16 amino acids. The two most common repeats in most populations are the 4 and 7. However, reports concerning the association between the DRD4 exon III polymorphism and the personality trait of NS have yielded an inconsistent pattern. Whereas initial reports suggested that long alleles (mostly representing the 7 repeat since the 6 and 8 repeats are relatively rare) are associated with higher scores on the personality scale of NS, others have suggested that either the two are not associated or even the short alleles (usually 4 repeats) are associated wit...

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“…Both studies detected an association of the 7-repeat allele with high NS, of which the effect accounted for 3-4% of the total variance. Some studies replicated the association, [24][25][26][27][28] while in others no effect could be demonstrated, neither in healthy individuals [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] nor in patient populations. 30,[44][45][46][47][48] In a linkage study using families of alcoholics, the dimension of HA and not NS was linked to DRD4.…”

Section: Dopaminementioning

confidence: 99%

“…71 In two other studies, however, no association between DRD2 and temperament was detected. 36,67 In a linkage study on families of alcoholics, the dimension of HA was linked to DRD2. 49 The dopamine receptor D3 gene (DRD3) was included in a study using the TPQ 73 and in a study using various personality inventories, 74 but no association with any of the scales could be established.…”

Section: Dopaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of personality: are we making progress?

2003

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For centuries, scientists are intrigued by the differences in personality between individuals. As early as in the ancient Greek civilization, people tried to formulate theories to systematize this diversity. With the increased interest in behavior genetics, personality was also considered a challenging phenotype. From the early start, studies suggested a heritable component in personality. After the successes of molecular genetic studies in unraveling the genetic basis of (mostly) monogenic diseases, the focus shifted towards complex traits, including psychiatric disorders. It was observed in several studies that personality measures differed between patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy controls. Therefore, normal personality was considered a viable endophenotype in the search for genes involved in psychiatric disorders such as affective disorders, ADHD and substance dependence. Genes that were to be found in studies on personality could be candidate genes for particular psychiatric disorders. In the course of time, however the study of genes for personality turned out to be at least as hard as the search for genes involved in other complex disorders. In this review, past studies, present problems and future directions concerning the study of personality genetics are discussed.

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Non-association of dopamine D4 and D2 receptor genes with personality in healthy individuals

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Neurotensin Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Personality Traits in Healthy Chinese Individuals

Neurotensin Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Personality Traits in Healthy Chinese Individuals

A meta-analysis of the association between DRD4 polymorphism and novelty seeking

Genetics of personality: are we making progress?

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