“…The numerical modelling of nonlinear behaviours in brittle materials can be approached in the framework of continuum damage mechanics, by using suitable regularization techniques to avoid pathological mesh dependency, or by adopting discrete crack models, such as the zero-thickness interface element, strong or embedded discontinuity (EFEM) approaches 1,2,3,4 and the eXtended-generalized FEM (XFEM, GFEM) 5,6,7,8 . Discrete crack models are often combined with Cohesive Zone Models (CZMs) 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 , which describe the Traction Separation Law (TSL) at the discontinuity surface.…”