Non-associative learning processes in vestibular nucleus

Kim, Gyu-Tae; Kim, Kyu-Sung; Lee, Sang‐Min

doi:10.1007/s11517-018-1817-0

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Recording. Overall neural recording technique followed our previous methods [25][26][27]. In short, the extracellular neural recordings in VN were conducted using epoxy-coated tungsten electrodes (A-M Systems, WA).…”

Section: Neuralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To stimulate the neurons in VN, a direct current (DC) was applied. The iron wire with the excitatory polarity was attached to one side and that with the inhibitory polarity to the other side of the ears [25][26][27]. The applied electrical stimulation was mainly characterized by three parameters: the amplitude of current, its lasting duration, and the interval between two successive stimuli.…”

Section: Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (Gvs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify the artificially induced plasticity, the vestibular system was used as the targeted area, specifically the vestibular nucleus (VN), and the guinea pigs with well vestibular function were adopted in the overall experiments. The electrical stimulation (GVS) was applied in the bipolar and bilateral configuration, and the detail approach was maintained as done in our previous studies [25][26][27]. Even though the short distance between the stimulated area and VN served as the pretext in excluding VN for the vestibular plasticity, the potential modification in VN has been implied in many previous studies [28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Modified the Neuronal Potential in the Vestibular Nucleus

2020

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Vestibular nucleus (VN) and cerebellar flocculus are known as the core candidates for the neuroplasticity of vestibular system. However, it has been still elusive how to induce the artificial neuroplasticity, especially caused by an electrical stimulation, and assess the neuronal information related with the plasticity. To understand the electrically induced neuroplasticity, the neuronal potentials in VN responding to the repeated electrical stimuli were examined. Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) was applied to excite the neurons in VN, and their activities were measured by an extracellular neural recording technique. Thirty-eight neuronal responses (17 for the regular and 21 for irregular neurons) were recorded and examined the potentials before and after stimulation. Two-third of the population (63.2%, 24/38) modified the potentials under the GVS repetition before stimulation (p=0.037), and more than half of the population (21/38, 55.3%) changed the potentials after stimulation (p=0.209). On the other hand, the plasticity-related neuronal modulation was hardly observed in the temporal responses of the neurons. The modification of the active glutamate receptors was also investigated to see if the repeated stimulation changed the number of both types of glutamate receptors, and the results showed that AMPA and NMDA receptors decreased after the repeated stimuli by 28.32 and 16.09%, respectively, implying the modification in the neuronal amplitudes.

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Section: Neuralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (Gvs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Modified the Neuronal Potential in the Vestibular Nucleus

2020

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“…Once the animal was fully anesthetized, it was placed on the motorized stereotaxic apparatus (NEUROSTAR, Germany) to x its head. The overall neural recording process followed our previous methodological approach [19][20][21] for approximately 3 hours. In short, surgically removed its scalp, the superior surface of the skull was exposed.…”

Section: Extracellular Neural Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional preference of otolith-related neurons in vestibular nucleus

Nguyen

Kim

2020

Preprint

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Background: Due to the paired structure of two labyrinths, their neural communication is conducted through the interconnected commissural pathway. Using the tight link, the neural responding characteristics are formed in vestibular nucleus, and these responses are initially generated by the mechanical movement of the hair cells in the semicircular canals and otoliths. Although the mechanism to describe the neuronal responses to the head movements was evident, few direct experimental data were provided, especially the directional preference of otolith-related neurons as one of critical responses to elucidate the function of the neurons in vestibular nucleus (VN). Experimental Approach: The directional preference of otolith-related neurons was investigated in VN. Also, a chemically induced unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) was performed to identify the origin of the directional preference. For the model evaluation, static and dynamic behavioral tests were performed. Following the evaluation, an extracellular neural activity was recorded for the neuronal responses to the horizontal head rotation and the linear head translation. Results: Seventy seven neuronal activities were recorded from thirty SD rats (270-450 g, male), and total population was divided into three groups; left UL (20), sham (35), right UL (22). Based on the directional preference, two sub-groups were again classified as contra- and ipsi-preferred neurons. There was no significance in the number of those sub-groups (contra-: 15/35, 43%; ipsi-: 20/35, 57%) in the sham (p=0.155). However, more ipsi-preferred neurons (19/22, 86%) were observed after right UL (p=6.056×10-5) while left UL caused more contra-preferred neurons (13/20, 65%) (p=0.058). In particular, the convergent neurons mainly led this biased difference in the population (ipsi-: 100% after right UL & contra-: 89% after left UL) (p<0.002). Conclusion: The directional preference was evenly maintained under a normal vestibular function, and its unilateral loss biased the directional preference of the neurons, depending on the side of lesion. Moreover, the dominance of the directional preference was mainly led by the convergent neurons which had the neural information related with head rotation and linear translation.

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“…Once the animal was fully anesthetized, it was placed on the motorized stereotaxic apparatus (NEUROSTAR, Germany) to fix its head. The overall neural recording process followed our previous methodological approach [19][20][21]. In short, surgically removed its scalp, the superior surface of the skull was exposed.…”

Section: Extracellular Neural Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional preference of otolith-related neurons in vestibular nucleus

Nguyen

Kim

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Due to the paired structure of two labyrinths at both sides of ear, their communication is conducted through the interconnected commissural pathway. The close interconnection produces the neural responding property in vestibular nucleus, and the mechanical movement of the hair cells mainly specifies the property. However, the mechanism to initiate the responding property was evident based on the structure, but few direct experimental data were provided to understand the responding property based on the structure.Experimental Approach: The directional preference was investigated, which was one of critical neural responding property to illustrate the functional structure. Also, a chemically induced unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) was performed to emphasize the preference. For the model evaluation, static and dynamic behavioral tests were applied, and the results demonstrated a practical model construction. Following the evaluation, an extracellular neural activity was conducted for the neuronal responses to the horizontal head rotation and the linear head movement.Results: Seventy seven neuronal activities were recorded from thirty SD rats (270-450 g, male), and total population was divided into three groups; left UL (20), sham (35), right UL (22). Based on the directional preference, two sub-groups were again classified as contra- and ipsi-preferred neurons. There was no significance between those sub-groups (contra-: 15/35, 43%; ipsi-: 20/35, 57%) in sham model. However, more ipsi-preferred neurons (19/22, 86%) were observed after right UL while left UL caused more contra-preferred neurons (13/20, 65%). In particular, the convergent neurons mainly led this biased difference in the population (ipsi-: 100% after right UL & contra-: 89% after left UL).Conclusion: The directional preference was evenly maintained under a normal vestibular function, and its unilateral loss biased the directional preference of the neurons, depending on the side of lesion. Moreover, the dominance of the directional preference was mainly led by the convergent neurons which had the neural information related with head rotation and linear translation.

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Non-associative learning processes in vestibular nucleus

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Repeated Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Modified the Neuronal Potential in the Vestibular Nucleus

Repeated Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Modified the Neuronal Potential in the Vestibular Nucleus

Directional preference of otolith-related neurons in vestibular nucleus

Directional preference of otolith-related neurons in vestibular nucleus

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