Non-binary and binary transgender youth: Comparison of mental health, self-harm, suicidality, substance use and victimization experiences

Rimes, Katharine A.; Goodship, Nicola; Ussher, Greg; Baker, Daniel; West, Elizabeth

doi:10.1080/15532739.2017.1370627

Cited by 185 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In doing so, we found that respondents who endorsed either a family history of mental illness or neurodevelopmental disorders ( Fig. 2d) showed significantly greater gender variance than those who did not (P < 0.01, Wilcoxan test), in agreement with previous findings [5] [21]. In addition, we also found that increasing tolerance toward SGM and associated behaviors was associated with increasing levels of gender variance of the respondent ( Fig.…”

Section: Gender Variance and Its Relationship To Tolerance And Familysupporting

confidence: 90%

Community attitudes on genetic research of gender identity, sexual orientation, and mental health

Thomas

Hofammann

McKenna

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Biological sex is an important factor in mental health, and a non-binary view of how variation in sex and gender influence mental health represents a new research frontier that may yield new insights. The recent acceleration of research into sexual orientation, gender identity, and mental health has generally been conducted without sufficient understanding of the opinions of sexual and gender minorities (SGM) toward this research. We surveyed 768 individuals, with an enrichment of LGBTQ+ stakeholders, for their opinions regarding genetic research of SGM and mental health. We found that the key predictors of attitudes toward genetic research specifically on SGM are 1) general attitudes toward genetic and mental health research 2) tolerance of SGM and associated behaviors 3) non-cisgender stakeholder status and 4) age of the respondent. Non-heterosexual stakeholder status was significantly associated with increased willingness to participate in genetic research if a biological basis for gender identity were discovered. We also found that non-stakeholders with a low tolerance for SGM indicated their SGM views would be positively updated if science showed a biological basis for their behaviors and identities. These findings represent an important first step in understanding and engaging the LGBTQ+ stakeholder community in the context of genetic research.

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Section: Gender Variance and Its Relationship To Tolerance And Familysupporting

confidence: 90%

Community attitudes on genetic research of gender identity, sexual orientation, and mental health

Thomas

Hofammann

McKenna

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…There was also littler difference found with regards to NSSI levels. Previous studies have suggested that the sex assigned at birth could be a factor in NSSI rates, with female assigned at birth persons showing higher levels of NSSI (Rimes et al, 2017). The results here may suggest that future studies could examine the data not just in terms of binary or non-binary identifying but also in terms of sex assigned at birth to get a clearer picture of NSSI in these two groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Age has also been found to be important, with younger transgender individuals often reporting more difficulties than older participants (Arcelus et al, 2016, Rimes et al, 2017 (Nieder & Richter-Appelt, 2011) and have been treated "without being distinguished as such" (Hage & Karim, 2000). This is problematic, both empirically and clinically, for two reasons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of mental health symptomatology and levels of social support in young treatment seeking transgender individuals who identify as binary and non-binary

Thorne

Witcomb

Nieder

et al. 2018

International Journal of Transgenderism

135

100

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Background: Previous research has consistently reported high rates of mental health symptomatology and lower social support in young treatment seeking transgender individuals. However, these studies have failed to distinguish between transgender people who identify within the gender binary and those who identify as non-binary. Aims: This study aimed to compare levels of mental health symptomatology (anxiety, depression, and non-suicidal self-injury behaviour) and social support of treatment seeking non-binary transgender young individuals with those self-identified as binary transgender young individuals. All participants were attended a national transgender health service in the UK during a 2 years period. Measures: Age and gender identity descriptors were collected, as well as clinical measures of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), self-esteem (The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), non-suicidal self-injury (Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Treatment Related), and social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). Results: A total of 388 young people, aged 16-25 years, agreed participation; 331 (85.3 %) identified as binary and 57 (14.7 %) as non-binary. Analysis of the data showed the nonbinary group experienced significantly more anxiety and depression and had significantly lower self-esteem that the binary group. There were no significant differences between groups in the likelihood of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury behaviour or levels of social support. Conclusions: Non-binary identifying treatment seeking transgender youth are at increased risk of developing anxiety, depression and low self-esteem compared to binary transgender youth. This may reflect the even greater barriers and feelings of discrimination that may be faced by those whose identity does not fit the notion of binary gender that is pervasive in how society views both cis-and transgender populations.

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“…Their study supported earlier research that demonstrated poorer health amongst NBGQ people as compared with binary identified trans people (Harrison et al 2012). However, Rimes et al (2017) who (in a survey of 677 young people from the UK) found that non binary young people were less likely than other groups to report suicidality and previous help-seeking for anxiety and depression, and also reported higher levels of life satisfaction than young binary trans people. Overall, therefore, the findings about NBGQ people and health are inconclusive; both practice and the social environment are evolving.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Non-binary and genderqueer: An overview of the field

Monro

2019

International Journal of Transgenderism

105

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Non-binary and binary transgender youth: Comparison of mental health, self-harm, suicidality, substance use and victimization experiences

Cited by 185 publications

References 35 publications

Community attitudes on genetic research of gender identity, sexual orientation, and mental health

Community attitudes on genetic research of gender identity, sexual orientation, and mental health

A comparison of mental health symptomatology and levels of social support in young treatment seeking transgender individuals who identify as binary and non-binary

Non-binary and genderqueer: An overview of the field

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