Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of cadmium and lead in raw milk from dairy production farms in Iran, using Monte Carlo simulation approach

Jaafarzadeh, Neematollah; Tari, Kamran; Samarghandi, Mohammad Reza; Fard, Masoud Panahi; Jorfi, Sahand; Feizi, Rozhan; Mehrbakhsh, Maryam

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104864

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In the study of Meshref et al [62], lead levels exceeded the maximum allowed value (0.02 mg/kg) established by the Codex Alimentarius [9]. The presented studies emphasize different amounts of heavy elements, probably in accordance with the existent differences in the air quality of each geographical region and land uses for feeding animals [73]. In general, the analyzed milk and dairy products were poor sources of copper and zinc.…”

Section: Milk and Dairy Productsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Heavy Metals in Foods and Beverages: Global Situation, Health Risks and Reduction Methods

Scutarașu,

Trincă

2023

Foods

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Heavy metals are chemical elements with a toxic effect on the human body. The expansion of industries has led to significant increasing levels of these constituents in the environment. Intensive agriculture can also lead to an increased concentration of heavy metals as a result of using different fertilizers and pesticides. Heavy metal accumulation in soil and plants represents a serious issue because of the potential risks to consumers. There are several methods available for the removal of these toxic components from different substrates (chemical precipitation, electrodialysis, coagulation and flocculation, photocatalytic removal, and adsorption-based processes), but most procedures are expensive and difficult to perform. Thus, more research is needed on the development of low-cost methods in foods. This work represents a review on the heavy metal presence in different food substrates (such as fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products, meat and meat derivatives, oils, and alcoholic beverages) and provides an overview of the current situation worldwide, taking into account the fact that risks for human health are induced by the intensification of industry and the high degree of pollution. Considering that the toxicological quality of food affects its acceptability, this work provides valuable data regarding the actual situation on the proposed topic.

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Section: Milk and Dairy Productsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Heavy Metals in Foods and Beverages: Global Situation, Health Risks and Reduction Methods

Scutarașu,

Trincă

2023

Foods

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“…Maximum metal concentrations expressed in the kidney and the liver were 0.05 As, 19.37 Cd, and 1.8 Pb. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in Kabwe cattle were high than the cattle from other parts of Zambia; the mean concentration of Cd exceeded the benchmark value ( Table 3 ) ( 207 , 245 ).…”

Section: Geographical Distribution Of Metal Toxicity In Cattlementioning

confidence: 81%

A review of important heavy metals toxicity with special emphasis on nephrotoxicity and its management in cattle

Tahir

Alkheraije

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Toxicity with heavy metals has proven to be a significant hazard with several health problems linked to it. Heavy metals bioaccumulate in living organisms, pollute the food chain, and possibly threaten the health of animals. Many industries, fertilizers, traffic, automobile, paint, groundwater, and animal feed are sources of contamination of heavy metals. Few metals, such as aluminum (Al), may be eliminated by the elimination processes, but other metals like lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Ca) accumulate in the body and food chain, leading to chronic toxicity in animals. Even if these metals have no biological purpose, their toxic effects are still present in some form that is damaging to the animal body and its appropriate functioning. Cadmium (Cd) and Pb have negative impacts on a number of physiological and biochemical processes when exposed to sub-lethal doses. The nephrotoxic effects of Pb, As, and Cd are well known, and high amounts of naturally occurring environmental metals as well as occupational populations with high exposures have an adverse relationship between kidney damage and toxic metal exposure. Metal toxicity is determined by the absorbed dosage, the route of exposure, and the duration of exposure, whether acute or chronic. This can lead to numerous disorders and can also result in excessive damage due to oxidative stress generated by free radical production. Heavy metals concentration can be decreased through various procedures including bioremediation, pyrolysis, phytoremediation, rhizofiltration, biochar, and thermal process. This review discusses few heavy metals, their toxicity mechanisms, and their health impacts on cattle with special emphasis on the kidneys.

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“…The present study also found that the quality of dairy production is inconsistent, as reflected in studies on quality. Some studies have reported concerns regarding chemical, biological, or physical safety risks, or a reduction in the quality of raw milk or dairy products [44][45][46][47][48][49]; other studies reported production aligning with standards [50][51][52][53]. The inconsistency in dairy production quality is not only related to factors such as season, climate, and production methods [54] but it is also influenced by the unstable macroeconomic situation, sectoral policies, and the monitoring system's structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Obstacles to Dairy Consumption in Iran from Stakeholders’ Perspectives Using a Food System Approach

Roustaee,

Rafiee,

Ghodsi

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Background: Despite the potential benefits of increased dairy consumption for a sustainable diet among Iranians, low levels of dairy consumption and its decreasing trend have raised serious concerns. This study used the food systems approach to identify macro-level factors contributing to low dairy consumption in Iran. Materials and methods: In-depth interviews with 39 key informants and stakeholders from various sub-systems of the dairy food system were conducted from December 2021 to November 2022. The data analysis was conducted simultaneously with data collection, using a deductive–inductive content analysis approach. Results: The main challenges identified in the production and processing subsystems included the unsustainable development of a milk and dairy production system, high production and distribution costs, and an inconsistent quality of products. In the consumption subsystem, challenges were a reduced purchasing power of consumers, doubts about the necessity of dairy consumption, and concerns about safety risks. These challenges were further compounded by some other challenges in the dairy food system and contextual challenges such as economic instability, government sectoral policies, and Iran’s hot and semi-arid climate. Conclusion: Policy makers must revise the dairy industry’s structure, policies, and activities, and consider utilizing local livestock and feed production systems. Pricing policies should be reformed, subsidies provided for low-income groups, and promotion programs developed to enhance the public awareness of dairy’s nutritional value and safety. Independent quality control agencies should be established, and a comprehensive approach to promote good governance and improve the policy-making process should be adopted.

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Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of cadmium and lead in raw milk from dairy production farms in Iran, using Monte Carlo simulation approach

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Heavy Metals in Foods and Beverages: Global Situation, Health Risks and Reduction Methods

Heavy Metals in Foods and Beverages: Global Situation, Health Risks and Reduction Methods

A review of important heavy metals toxicity with special emphasis on nephrotoxicity and its management in cattle

Challenges and Obstacles to Dairy Consumption in Iran from Stakeholders’ Perspectives Using a Food System Approach

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