Non-catalytic Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with High Free Fatty Acids Content Using Subcritical Methanol: Process Optimization and Evaluation

Lie, Jenni; Rizkiana, Maria Bangun; Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi; Ju, Yi‐Hsu; Ismadji, Suryadi; Yuliana, Maria

doi:10.1007/s12649-019-00889-2

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Theoretically, the stoichiometric molar ratio of ethanol to LTW for biodiesel production is 3:1. However, in practice, the ratio should be higher in order to purposely drive the reaction toward the product side and gain high product yield, since transesterification itself is a reversible reaction [18,59]. As described in Fig.…”

Section: Transesterification Of Ltw To Biodiesel Using Wcs-based Cao As a Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of waste capiz shell – Based catalyst for the conversion of leather tanning waste into biodiesel

Yuliana

Santoso

Soetaredjo

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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Rapid urbanization and technological advancement have led to worrisome challenges associated with increasing waste production, and its management is overly burdensome. Indonesia annually produces 100,000 tons of leather tanning waste (LTW) and 2600 tons of waste capiz-shell (WCS). This study proposed a zero-waste approach by utilizing WCS as the catalyst for biodiesel production from LTW. Based on the characterization results, the WCS-based catalyst is proven to possess high porosity and comparable catalytic activity to the other heterogeneous catalysts. The maximum yield of FAEE was 93.4 wt%, obtained at 60°C, 4 h reaction time, 3 wt% catalyst loading, and ethanol to LTW molar ratio of 6:1. High FAEE yield (> 90 wt%) can be obtained by reusing the WCS-based catalyst until the third reaction cycle. To examine the feasibility of this zero-waste act, a simple viability study was also performed by comparing this process to the conventional basic transesterification process.

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Section: Transesterification Of Ltw To Biodiesel Using Wcs-based Cao As a Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of waste capiz shell – Based catalyst for the conversion of leather tanning waste into biodiesel

Yuliana

Santoso

Soetaredjo

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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“…The utilization of low-quality oils for biodiesel production has attracted public attention, as it may sustain the supply chain of the food sector. Various feedstocks, for example, animal fats, 22,23 waste cooking oil, 24 leather tanning waste, 25 and jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) oil, 26 have been developed to prepare commercial-grade biodiesel. The present research tests the catalytic ability of Cu/DS-HMS-NH 2 to produce biodiesel from degummed palm oil (DPO) in several operating variations (catalyst loading (wt%), temperature ( C), the mass ratio of methanol to DPO, and reaction time (h)).…”

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confidence: 99%

Double‐shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/ DS‐HMS‐NH ₂ ) as a catalyst to promote in‐situ esterification/transesterification of low‐quality palm oil

et al. 2021

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To encourage the utilization of low-quality palm oil with high free fatty acid and moisture content (>0.1 wt%), a novel catalyst with two spatial shells and different active sites, double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/DS-HMS-NH 2 ), is fabricated via the two-stage hydrolysis and condensation technique. The influence of four parameters (eg, catalyst loading, temperature, reaction time, and the mass ratio of methanol to degummed palm oil (DPO)) on the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) are monitored and optimized using a combination of response surface methodology (RSM)and face centered-central composite experimental design (CCF-CCD). The optimized FAME yield is predicted at 86.63 wt% and experimentally obtained at 87.14 ± 0.11 wt% (FAME purity of 98.45 ± 0.67 wt%) under the following optimum condition: 55.3 C, 5 h, methanol to DPO mass ratio of 5.3:1, and 5 wt% catalyst loading. The experimental and predicted values are proportional and in direct agreement with an error of 0.51%. The goodness of fit analysis also indicates conformity between the mathematical model and the experimental results. The reusability study shows that Cu/DS-HMS-NH 2 is stable until the fifth run, evident from the yield of FAME which stays above 80%. These results prove the potential utility of Cu/DS-HMS-NH 2 for the direct conversion of low-quality vegetable oils to biodiesel without any pre-treatment.

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Catalytic and non-catalytic transesterification of non-edible oils to biodiesel

Duarte,

Hamilton,

Naccache

2024

Biomass to Bioenergy

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Non-catalytic Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with High Free Fatty Acids Content Using Subcritical Methanol: Process Optimization and Evaluation

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Utilization of waste capiz shell – Based catalyst for the conversion of leather tanning waste into biodiesel

Utilization of waste capiz shell – Based catalyst for the conversion of leather tanning waste into biodiesel

Double‐shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/ DS‐HMS‐NH ₂ ) as a catalyst to promote in‐situ esterification/transesterification of low‐quality palm oil

Catalytic and non-catalytic transesterification of non-edible oils to biodiesel

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Non-catalytic Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with High Free Fatty Acids Content Using Subcritical Methanol: Process Optimization and Evaluation

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Utilization of waste capiz shell – Based catalyst for the conversion of leather tanning waste into biodiesel

Utilization of waste capiz shell – Based catalyst for the conversion of leather tanning waste into biodiesel

Double‐shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/ DS‐HMS‐NH 2 ) as a catalyst to promote in‐situ esterification/transesterification of low‐quality palm oil

Catalytic and non-catalytic transesterification of non-edible oils to biodiesel

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Double‐shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/ DS‐HMS‐NH ₂ ) as a catalyst to promote in‐situ esterification/transesterification of low‐quality palm oil