Non–Catheter-related Venous Thromboembolism in Children: Imaging Review from Head to Toe

Cox, Mougnyan; Epelman, Mónica; Chandra, Tushar; Meyers, Arthur B.; Johnson, Craig M.; Podberesky, Daniel J.

doi:10.1148/rg.2017170036

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…A thromboembolic event is rare in the pediatric population. Central venous catheter-related thrombosis is the most common etiology of pediatric venous thrombosis followed by infection, inflammation, hypercoagulability, malignancy, and dehydration [2]. Our patient had no medical history of any inflammatory disease or thromboembolic events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis as a complication of sphenoid sinusitis

Chen

Ho²,

Chong³

et al. 2019

Tzu Chi Med J

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Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is a rare disorder and may present with severe complications due to its proximity to the orbital and intracranial areas. We report a 13-year-old boy hospitalized for septic shock with fever of unknown origin. Facial palsy was later noted. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a sphenoid mass and right cavernous sinus and internal jugular vein thrombosis. Biopsy revealed chronic rhinosinusitis. Complete recovery followed by an incision/drainage procedure and antibiotic treatment. Acute sphenoid sinusitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of septic manifestations mimicking central nervous system infection or cranial nerve palsy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis as a complication of sphenoid sinusitis

Chen

Ho²,

Chong³

et al. 2019

Tzu Chi Med J

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“…Pediatric venous thrombotic disease is historically rare, being present in only 0.05% to 0.08% of hospital admissions, compared with 2.5% to 5% of adult admissions. 7,8 Recent studies demonstrate increasing rates, with a large multisite study demonstrating a 70% increase between 2001 and 2007 up to a rate of 0.58% of admissions. 9 The most common risk factor for pediatric thrombosis is the presence of central venous catheters, 7,8 and the majority of all pediatric DVTs are located in the upper extremities, compared with approximately 5% in adults.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pediatric venous thrombotic disease is historically rare, being present in only 0.05% to 0.08% of hospital admissions, compared with 2.5% to 5% of adult admissions 7,8 . Recent studies demonstrate increasing rates, with a large multisite study demonstrating a 70% increase between 2001 and 2007 up to a rate of 0.58% of admissions 9 .…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Recent studies demonstrate increasing rates, with a large multisite study demonstrating a 70% increase between 2001 and 2007 up to a rate of 0.58% of admissions. 9 The most common risk factor for pediatric thrombosis is the presence of central venous catheters, 7,8 and the majority of all pediatric DVTs are located in the upper extremities, compared with approximately 5% in adults. 10 Despite rare occurrence, patients can suffer significant morbidity and mortality if the diagnosis is not made in a timely fashion, with reported incidence of postthrombotic syndrome as high as 62% as well as incidence of pulmonary embolism as high as 32%.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of Internal Jugular Vein Septic Thrombophlebitis by Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Shah¹,

Moake

2022

Pediatr Emer Care

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Septic thrombophlebitis represents a rare but serious collection of diseases, which carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality requiring prompt and aggressive treatment. Diagnosis centers on identification of thrombus along with clinical and microbiologic data. We present a case where point-of-care ultrasound was used to diagnose septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and expedite appropriate therapy. We further review the technique and literature for ultrasound diagnosis of venous thrombosis and associated thrombophlebitis.

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“…Thus, a risk-stratified approach to HA-VTE prevention in children, informed by evidence-based risk predictions models, is necessary to optimize the risk-benefit ratio of thromboprophylactic interventions. To address this need, several pediatric hospitals have developed institutional risk assessment tools and thromboprophylaxis guidelines 5 17 93 to inform decision-making, in some cases informed by published HA-VTE risk models.…”

Section: Management and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous Thromboembolism among Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Children: Key Considerations for the Pediatric Hospital Medicine Specialist

Morrison

Betensky

Kiskaddon

et al. 2021

Semin Thromb Hemost

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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and preventable harm among noncritically ill hospitalized children. Several clinical factors relevant to the noncritically ill hospitalized child significantly increase the risk of VTE including the presence of central venous catheters, systemic inflammation, and prolonged immobilization. Although risk mitigation strategies have been described, the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of VTE require standardization of institutional practices combined with multidisciplinary collaboration among pediatric hospitalists, hematologists, and other care providers. In this narrative review, we summarize the epidemiology of VTE, risk models identifying high-risk conditions associated with VTE, and prevention and treatment strategies. We further describe successful quality improvement efforts implementing institutional VTE risk stratification and thromboprophylaxis procedures. Finally, we highlight unique challenges facing pediatric hospital medicine specialists in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, including caring for adults admitted to pediatric hospital units, and describe future research opportunities for VTE in the noncritically ill hospitalized child.

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Non–Catheter-related Venous Thromboembolism in Children: Imaging Review from Head to Toe

Abstract: ■ List some of the more common noncatheter-related causes of VTE in children. ■ Identify imaging findings associated with VTE across various imaging modalities. ■ Describe the preferred imaging modality for pediatric VTE in various parts of the body.

Cited by 6 publications

References 117 publications

A rare case of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis as a complication of sphenoid sinusitis

A rare case of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis as a complication of sphenoid sinusitis

Diagnosis of Internal Jugular Vein Septic Thrombophlebitis by Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Venous Thromboembolism among Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Children: Key Considerations for the Pediatric Hospital Medicine Specialist

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