Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Protective Role of Dietary Polyphenols

Abstract

Pathogenetically characterized by the absence of celiac disease and wheat allergy, non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a clinical entity triggered by the consumption of gluten-containing foods that relieved by a gluten-free diet. Since it is very difficult to maintain a complete gluten-free diet, there is a high interest in discovering alternative strategies aimed at reducing gluten concentration or mitigating its toxic effects. Plant-based dietary models are usually rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, recognized to prevent, delay, or even reverse chronic diseases, including intestinal disorders. However, research on the role of polyphenols in mitigating the toxicity of gluten-containing foods is currently limited. We address the metabolic fate of dietary polyphenols, both as free and bound macromolecule-linked forms, with particular reference to the gastrointestinal compartment, where the concentration of polyphenols can reach high levels. We analyze the potential targets of polyphenols including the gluten peptide bioavailability, the dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, intestinal immune response, oxidative stress and inflammation, and dysbiosis. Overall, this review provides an updated overview of the effects of polyphenols as possible dietary strategies to counteract the toxic effects of gluten, potentially resulting in the improved quality of life of patients with gluten-related disorders.

Probióticos y prebióticos en pacientes con enfermedad celíaca y sensibilidad al gluten no celíaca

“…Al ser una entidad relativamente reciente, no se conoce con exactitud el papel que juega la microbiota intestinal en su fisiopatología 30 . Transeth et al menciona estudios de muestras duodenales demostrando que con frecuencia hay un aumento de especies como Firmicutes, Actinobacillus y Ruminococcaceae y a su vez una disminución de Bacteroidetes; sin embargo, esto no esclarece si la disbiosis intestinal que ocurre en dichas personas es la causa o el efecto de los desórdenes asociados a la ingesta de gluten 31,32 .…”

Urolithin B protects mice from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and intestinal inflammation by regulating gut microbiota composition

“…Animals were then fasted for 6 h, and an insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed. 18 An Accu-Check glucometer (Bayer) was used to measure blood glucose concentrations before (0 min) and after (5,10,15,20,25,30, and 60 min) insulin injection. At the end of week 8, the mice were fasted overnight and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed after gavage with glucose (1 g per kg body weight).…”

“…Studies have suggested that these compounds possess antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. 10 Therefore, the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods has been shown to reduce the incidence of metabolic disorders, obesity, and T2D. 11 However, certain dietary polyphenols remain in the intestine for extended periods, allowing them to exert their beneficial effects by influencing the composition of the gut microbiota.…”

Sensibilidade ao glúten não celíaca

“…maneira que se apresenta como uma abordagem eficaz para o tratamento da SGNC(Asri et al, 2021) (Caio et al, 2020) (Calabriso et al, 2022) (Cárdenas-Torrez, 2021) (Khan; Suarez e Murray, 2020)(Koumbi;Giouleme;Vassilopoulou, 2020).O tempo de remoção do glúten da dieta também é discutido, sendo que de acordo comKhan et al (2020), Koumbi; Giouleme e Vassilopoulou (2020) após 1 a 2 anos de dieta livre de glúten os pacientes podem retornar o consumo, devendo ajustar a quantidade de glúten de acordo com tentativas e erros, bem como pela dose tolerada individualmente pelos pacientes.…”