Non-coding RNAs in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Donda, Keyur; Nair, Jayasree; Torres, Benjamin A.; Maheshwari, Akhil

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0012

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, it is important to consider that milk contains a large spectrum of EV subtypes whose components may exhibit a differential resistance to digestion and may have differential impacts on health (1,14,24). Furthermore, MEX contain a wide spectrum of very small, small, medium and long non-coding RNAs in addition to miRs (19,468), that may also contribute to biological effects. It has recently been discussed that exosomes provide unappreciated carrier effects that assist transfers of their miRs to targeted cells (130).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk exosomal microRNAs: friend or foe?—a narrative review

Melnik¹,

Weiskirchen²,

Schmitz³

2022

ExRNA

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Background and Objective: Milk exosomes (MEX) and their inherent microRNAs (miRs) were recently promoted as promising effectors and drug carrier systems for the treatment of various chronic human diseases. It is the intention of this review to provide a comprehensive view on the potential beneficial and adverse health effects of MEX miRs.Methods: English literature published between 1990-2022 were searched using the PubMed database focusing on publications including human and bovine MEX, milk extracellular vesicles (EVs), miRs, and reported beneficial and adverse effects of MEX miRs. KeyContent and Findings: MEX are regarded as signalosomes produced under control of the lactation genome to support species-specific growth of the offspring during the lactation period. Physiologically, mammals are not exposed to MEX miRs after the lactation period. MEX miRs are important for epigenetic postnatal programming and tissue maturation. Direct and translational evidence indicates that MEX miRs are involved in p53-mediated transcription, DNA methyltransferase-regulated gene silencing as well as Polycomb repressive complex-mediated gene repression and chromatin remodeling. MEX miRs are deficient in artificial formula, but may accidentally modify human gene expression by consumption of pasteurized cow milk. The continuous impact of bovine MEX miRs on the human epigenome and epitranscriptome remains a matter of concern.Conclusions: MEX miRs are supportive for the growing neonate, whereas continuous exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs may promote obesity, diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration. Bovine MEX miRs should be removed from the human food chain of adults. The efficacy and long-term safety of MEX miRs has to be carefully assessed in future studies before bovine MEX could be introduced for therapeutic purposes.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk exosomal microRNAs: friend or foe?—a narrative review

Melnik¹,

Weiskirchen²,

Schmitz³

2022

ExRNA

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“…Several potential biomarkers have been identified for NEC, including proteins/peptides [7,8], metabolites [9], and non-coding RNAs [10,11], but reproducibility and validation of the biomarkers in large cohorts have not been conclusive. In addition, some urinary biomarkers for NEC have been identified, such as fatty acid binding protein-2 (FABP2) [12]; however, these markers are not in use clinically, as normalization of urine samples has been problematic [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Diagnostic Precision: Urine Proteomics Identifies Promising Biomarkers for Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Mackay,

Frazer,

Bailey

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe intestinal disease that primarily impacts preterm infants. Current diagnostic tools are inadequate, so urine proteomics was performed for patients with and without NEC to identify putative biomarkers.Research design and methodsThe abundance of urinary proteins detected using an aptamer-based microarray was compared for infants with NEC (n=20) and controls, age-matched (n=8) or self-matched (n=12). Spearmanrcorrelation and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC).ResultsNinety-nine proteins differed in NEC vs. controls based on median fold change (Log2± 1.1) and significance (P< 0.05). Patterns of abundance were consistent for both types of matching, and samples clustered based on NEC severity. Two panels were built to differentiate between infants with and without NEC. Panel 1 included proteins associated with inflammation/NEC and produced by the intestinal epithelium (REG1B, REG3A, FABP2, DEFA5, AUC 0.90). Panel 2 consisted of proteins with the largest fold change between NEC vs. controls and the highest individual AUC values (REG1B, SSBP1, CRYZL1, ITM2B, IL36B, IL36RN, AUC 0.98).ConclusionsUrine proteins significantly differ between infants with and without NEC, which supports their potential as future biomarkers.Graphical abstract.Overview of study findings. Created with Biorender.com

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Non-coding RNAs in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Cited by 2 publications

References 154 publications

Milk exosomal microRNAs: friend or foe?—a narrative review

Milk exosomal microRNAs: friend or foe?—a narrative review

Improving Diagnostic Precision: Urine Proteomics Identifies Promising Biomarkers for Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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