Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity

Rostami, Kamran; Hogg-Kollars, Sabine

doi:10.1136/bmj.e7982

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) or gluten sensitivity, which remains ill-defined, is a condition resulting from reactions to gluten-containing grains without IgEmediated or T-cell-mediated responses. 59,[109][110][111]…”

Section: Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity (Ncgs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gluten Gene: Unlocking the Understanding of Gluten Sensitivity and Intolerance

Asri¹,

Rostami-Nejad²,

Rostami³

2021

TACG

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Wheat flour is one of the most important food ingredients containing several essential nutrients including proteins. Gluten is one of the major protein components of wheat consisted of glutenin (encoded on chromosome 1) and gliadin (encoded on chromosome 1 and 6) and there are around hundred genes encoding it in wheat. Gluten proteins have the ability of eliciting the pathogenic immune responses and hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible individuals called “gluten-related disorders (GRDs)”, which include celiac disease (CD), wheat allergy (WA), and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Currently removing gluten from the diet is the only effective treatment for mentioned GRDs and studies for the appropriate and alternative therapeutic approaches are ongoing. Accordingly, several genetic studies have focused on breeding wheat with low immunological properties through gene editing methods. The present review considers genetic characteristics of gluten protein components, focusing on their role in the incidence of gluten-related diseases, and genetic modifications conducted to produce wheat with less immunological properties.

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Section: Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity (Ncgs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gluten Gene: Unlocking the Understanding of Gluten Sensitivity and Intolerance

Asri¹,

Rostami-Nejad²,

Rostami³

2021

TACG

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“…At present, there are no specific diagnostic markers for NCGS. The exclusion of CD by a negative CD serological marker and normal histology, as well as normal specific IgE for the exclusion of wheat allergy, is possible but may not be indicative of NCGS [14,15]. Of the above-mentioned factors, HLA genes have been proposed to provide the strongest genetic risk for CD, but not for NCGS, because the majority of CD patients have been shown to carry genes encoding HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8, but a positive or negative HLA may not confirm or rule out NCGS [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Cytokines Profile in Treated Celiac Disease Compared with Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Control: a Marker for Differentiation

Heydari

Rostami-Nejad

Moheb-Alian

et al. 2018

JGLD

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“…Beyond this, NCGS often carries an extensive and relatively broad set of symptoms which affects diverse organ systems[ 8 ]. Symptoms of NCGS could be very disabling presenting as gastrointestinal and/or extra-intestinal symptoms[ 9 ]. The onset of NCGS symptoms after gluten consumption can also range widely, appearing hours to even days following exposure to a GCD; the timing of resolution in NCGS symptoms may also vary widely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: All wheat attack is not celiac

Igbinedion¹,

Ansari²,

Vasikaran³

et al. 2017

WJG

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Currently, 1% of the United States population holds a diagnosis for celiac disease (CD), however, a more recently recognized and possibly related condition, “non-celiac gluten sensitivity” (NCGS) has been suggested to affect up to 6% of the United States public. While reliable clinical tests for CD exist, diagnosing individuals affected by NCGS is still complicated by the lack of reliable biomarkers and reliance upon a broad set of intestinal and extra intestinal symptoms possibly provoked by gluten. NCGS has been proposed to exhibit an innate immune response activated by gluten and several other wheat proteins. At present, an enormous food industry has developed to supply gluten-free products (GFP) with GFP sales in 2014 approaching $1 billion, with estimations projecting sales to reach $2 billion in the year 2020. The enormous demand for GFP also reflects a popular misconception among consumers that gluten avoidance is part of a healthy lifestyle choice. Features of NCGS and other gluten related disorders (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome) call for a review of current distinctive diagnostic criteria that distinguish each, and identification of biomarkers selective or specific for NCGS. The aim of this paper is to review our current understanding of NCGS, highlighting the remaining challenges and questions which may improve its diagnosis and treatment.

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Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

The Gluten Gene: Unlocking the Understanding of Gluten Sensitivity and Intolerance

The Gluten Gene: Unlocking the Understanding of Gluten Sensitivity and Intolerance

Serum Cytokines Profile in Treated Celiac Disease Compared with Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Control: a Marker for Differentiation

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: All wheat attack is not celiac

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