Non-collinear magnetoelectronics

Brataas, Arne; Bauer, G.; Kelly, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2006.01.001

Cited by 376 publications

(485 citation statements)

References 263 publications

(773 reference statements)

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“…The generated pure spin current enables the magnetization reversal of a nanomagnet with the same efficiency as in the case of using charge currents. These results are important for further theoretical developments in multiterminal structures 2 , but also with a view towards realizing novel devices driven by pure spin currents.In a vertical spin-valve nanopillar consisting of a ferromagnet/non-magnet/ferromagnet trilayer, the magnetic state can be switched between the antiparallel and the parallel configurations by applying a charge current [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . This charge-current-induced magnetization switching (CIMS) is the result of a direct transfer of spin angular momentum from the spin current carried along the charge current to the localized magnetic moment in the ferromagnet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant spin-accumulation signal and pure spin-current-induced reversible magnetization switching

2008

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A number of proposed next-generation electronic devices, including novel memory elements 1 and versatile transistor circuits 2 , rely on spin currents, that is, the flow of electron angular momentum. A spin current may interact with a magnetic nanostructure and give rise to spin-dependent transport phenomena, or excite magnetization dynamics 1-11 . In contrast to a spin-polarized charge current, a pure spin current does not produce any charge-related spurious effects 12,13 . One way to produce a pure spin current is non-local electrical-spin injection 12-18 , but this approach has suffered so far from low injection efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a significant enhancement of the non-local injection efficiency in a lateral spin valve prepared with an entirely in situ fabrication process. Improvements to the interface quality and the device structure lead to an increase of the spin-signal amplitude by an order of magnitude. The generated pure spin current enables the magnetization reversal of a nanomagnet with the same efficiency as in the case of using charge currents. These results are important for further theoretical developments in multiterminal structures 2 , but also with a view towards realizing novel devices driven by pure spin currents.In a vertical spin-valve nanopillar consisting of a ferromagnet/non-magnet/ferromagnet trilayer, the magnetic state can be switched between the antiparallel and the parallel configurations by applying a charge current [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . This charge-current-induced magnetization switching (CIMS) is the result of a direct transfer of spin angular momentum from the spin current carried along the charge current to the localized magnetic moment in the ferromagnet. Separation of the charge and spin components raises the possibility of chargeless pure spin-current-induced magnetization switching (pure spin CIMS).The pure spin current transfers only spin angular momentum, and thus provides an attractive means to manipulate the magnetic state in magnetic nanostructures as well as a quiet electrical background for experimental studies. The pure spin current I S can be generated by the diffusion of the accumulated spins 12-20 in a metallic lateral spin-valve (LSV) structure with non-local electrical spin injection, as shown in Fig. 1a. When the spin accumulation at the interface between the permalloy (Py) and Cu wires on the detector side is non-collinear to the Py magnetization, the transverse component of the pure spin CuAu Py

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confidence: 99%

Giant spin-accumulation signal and pure spin-current-induced reversible magnetization switching

2008

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“…express w in terms of the ratio of the interface mixing conductance to the conductivity [13]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature derivative of the resistance of spin valves

Granville

Dubois

et al. 2010

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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a b s t r a c tSpin-dependent transport properties of nanowires containing individual Co/Cu/Co pseudo-spin valves were investigated by monitoring an AC voltage induced by a temperature oscillation under a continuous DC current. We observed sharp peaks in the field-dependent AC voltage response. These peaks only appear close to the magnetic field range where conventional magnetoresistance shows a reversible and gradual transition. The effect is interpreted as an extra dissipation process with a distinct temperature dependence that occurs in non-collinear magnetic configurations when transverse moment relaxation takes place.

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“…These processes, which generate spin currents by magnetic dynamics, are spin pumping [44,121,122] and the spin motive force [123][124][125]. Spin currents cannot be directly measured, but they couple to other processes that can.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spin pumping occurs in bilayer structures where a ferromagnetic layer is attached to a non-magnetic layer [44,121,122]. A precessing magnetization in the ferromagnet pumps a spin current into the non-magnet transferring energy and angular momentum from the ferromagnet to the conduction electrons of the non-magnet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-consistent calculation of spin transport and magnetization dynamics

et al. 2013

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A spin-polarized current transfers its spin-angular momentum to a local magnetization, exciting various types of current-induced magnetization dynamics. So far, most studies in this field have focused on the direct effect of spin transport on magnetization dynamics, but ignored the feedback from the magnetization dynamics to the spin transport and back to the magnetization dynamics. Although the feedback is usually weak, there are situations when it can play an important role in the dynamics. In such situations, simultaneous, self-consistent calculations of the magnetization dynamics and the spin transport can accurately describe the feedback. This review describes in detail the feedback mechanisms, and presents recent progress in self-consistent calculations of the coupled dynamics. We pay special attention to three representative examples, where the feedback generates non-local effective interactions for the magnetization after the spin accumulation has been integrated out. Possibly the most dramatic feedback example is the dynamic instability in magnetic nanopillars with a single magnetic layer. This instability does not occur without non-local feedback. We demonstrate that full self-consistent calculations generate simulation results in much better agreement with experiments than previous calculations that addressed the feedback effect approximately.The next example is for more typical spin valve nanopillars. Although the effect of feedback is less dramatic because even without feedback the current can make stationary states unstable and induce magnetization oscillation, the feedback can still have important consequences. For instance, we show that the feedback can reduce the linewidth of oscillations, in agreement with experimental observations. A key aspect of this reduction is the suppression of the excitation of short wave length spin waves by the non-local feedback.Finally, we consider nonadiabatic electron transport in narrow domain walls. The non-local feedback in these systems leads to a significant renormalization of the effective nonadiabatic 3 spin transfer torque. These examples show that the self-consistent treatment of spin transport and magnetization dynamics is important for understanding the physics of the coupled dynamics and for providing a bridge between the ongoing research fields of current-induced magnetization dynamics and the newly emerging fields of magnetization-dynamics-induced generation of charge and spin currents.

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Non-collinear magnetoelectronics

Cited by 376 publications

References 263 publications

Giant spin-accumulation signal and pure spin-current-induced reversible magnetization switching

Giant spin-accumulation signal and pure spin-current-induced reversible magnetization switching

Temperature derivative of the resistance of spin valves

Self-consistent calculation of spin transport and magnetization dynamics

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