Non-communicable diseases as a major contributor to deaths in 12 tribal districts in India

Abstract

Background & objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death in India. Although studies have reported a high prevalence of NCD in tribal populations, there are limited data pertaining mortality due to NCDs. Therefore, in this study we estimated the proportion of deaths due to NCDs among 15 yr and older age group in tribal districts in India. Methods: We conducted a community-based survey in 12 districts (one per State) with more than 50 per cent tribal population. Data were collected using a verbal autopsy tool from the family member of the deceased. The estimated sample size was 452 deaths per district. We obtained the list of deaths for the reference period of one year and updated it during the survey. The cause of death was assigned using the International Classification of Diseases-10 classification and analyzed the proportions of causes of death. The age-standardized death rate (ASRD) was also estimated. Results: We surveyed 5292 deaths among those above 15 years of age. Overall, NCDs accounted for 66 per cent of the deaths, followed by infectious diseases (15%) and injuries (11%). Cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death in 10 of the 12 sites. In East Garo Hills (18%) and Lunglei (26%), neoplasms were the leading cause of death. ASRD due to NCD ranged from 426 in Kinnaur to 756 per 100,000 in East Garo Hills. Interpretation & conclusions: The findings of this community-based survey suggested that NCDs were the leading cause of death among the tribal populations in India. It is hence suggested that control of NCDs should be one of the public health priorities for tribal districts in India.

Patterns of Neoplasm Among the Tribal and Non-Tribal Communities in Wayanad District of Kerala, India: A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…23 Recent studies on the tribal population in India have reported that NCD related deaths have surpassed deaths due to infectious diseases. 24,25 This may be attributed to the early epidemiologic transition in this population as mentioned in the tribal health report submitted to the Government of India by Dr Abhay Bang et al 26 This study concludes that the most common neoplasm seen is in the Thyroid (64%) followed by GIT (10.5%). Populations residing in hilly areas of the country are usually considered to be high risk groups for thyroid disorders 27,28 and that is consistent with the findings of this study as well.…”

Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra: The Health Perspective

“…Non-communicable diseases contribute to around 66% of deaths in adults in India. (10) Early detection by screening is vital for reducing morbidity and mortality. The sickle gene is widespread among many tribal population groups in India with prevalence of heterozygotes varying from 1-40 per cent.…”