“…Therefore, research on the detection of HD by sensing technologies has remarkable practical and safety importance. In recent years, the detection of CWAs at very low concentrations by using instruments or sensing devices with different mechanisms, such as mass spectroscopy, 6,7 Raman spectroscopy, 8,9 capillary electrophoresis, 10 fluorescence spectroscopy, 11 and ion mobility spectrometry, 12 have been developed. However, because of the large size of instruments and equipment, high price, complex operation, need for sample pretreatment, and professional training of operators, these detection technologies have not met the needs of on-site rapid detection.…”