Non contact inspection of the fatigue damage state of carbon fiber reinforced polymer by optical surface roughness measurements

Zuluaga-Ramírez, Pablo; Frövel, Malte; Belenguer, T.; Salazar, F.

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2014.12.003

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Previous studies [17,18] have shown that the magnitude of the surface roughness increases due to changes in the topography that have been induced by the damage. The changes of the surface start at the beginning of the life of the structure with matrix micro-cracks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Sensing of the Fatigue Damage State of CFRP under Realistic Aeronautical Load Sequences

Zuluaga-Ramírez

Arconada

Frövel

et al. 2015

Sensors

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We present an optical sensing methodology to estimate the fatigue damage state of structures made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), by measuring variations on the surface roughness. Variable amplitude loads (VAL), which represent realistic loads during aeronautical missions of fighter aircraft (FALSTAFF) have been applied to coupons until failure. Stiffness degradation and surface roughness variations have been measured during the life of the coupons obtaining a Pearson correlation of 0.75 between both variables. The data were compared with a previous study for Constant Amplitude Load (CAL) obtaining similar results. Conclusions suggest that the surface roughness measured in strategic zones is a useful technique for structural health monitoring of CFRP structures, and that it is independent of the type of load applied. Surface roughness can be measured in the field by optical techniques such as speckle, confocal perfilometers and interferometry, among others.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Sensing of the Fatigue Damage State of CFRP under Realistic Aeronautical Load Sequences

Zuluaga-Ramírez

Arconada

Frövel

et al. 2015

Sensors

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“…A confocal microscope was used to obtain surface roughness data during fatigue loading. A relation to stiffness decrease was observed (125). Recently, optical coherence tomography has been applied to delamination detection in wind turbine blades (126), but several NDT methods are applicable for this (127).…”

Section: Optical Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Testing of Polymers and Polymer–Matrix Composites

Brunner

Hack

Neuenschwander

2015

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Because of their unique properties, polymers and polymer–matrix composites pose both challenges and opportunities for nondestructive testing. The increasing use of these materials creates a demand for nondestructive verification of various properties or specifications, determination of structural integrity, or prediction of service‐life. On the other hand, development of new nondestructive test methods, improved sensitivity, or faster data acquisition and analysis may allow for nondestructive testing applications that hitherto did not seem feasible or economical. This article provides a brief overview of established methods and emerging applications in nondestructive testing of polymers and polymer–matrix composites.

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“…These difficulties have created the need to assess phenomenological methods [1] such as acoustic emissions [8], digital image correlation [9,10], thermography [10,11], X ray tomography [12], electrical resistance [13], and analysis of the surface [14,15,16], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies by the authors have shown that changes in the surface topography of CFRP, quantified by the roughness magnitude, could be an indicator of the accumulated fatigue damage [14,15,16]. Other authors have studied techniques for evaluating the fatigue damage by means of the surface assessment in metal structures, which undergo a surface transition related to metallurgical effects of their crystal structure [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With increasing fatigue cycles, the cracks become bigger and tend to produce local delaminations in sub-surface layers changing the surface topography significantly. Results of previous works by the authors with specimens cycled with constant amplitude loads (CAL) show that the changes of the surface roughness are correlated with the stiffness degradation [14,15], which is a classical metric of fatigue damage. A further study by the authors, which was focused on the evaluation of the methodology with realistic variable amplitude loads (VAL), shows that the agreement between surface roughness magnitude and stiffness degradation is independent of the type of load applied [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Irregularity Factor as a Parameter to Evaluate the Fatigue Damage State of CFRP

et al. 2015

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This work presents an optical non-contact technique to evaluate the fatigue damage state of CFRP structures measuring the irregularity factor of the surface. This factor includes information about surface topology and can be measured easily on field, by techniques such as optical perfilometers. The surface irregularity factor has been correlated with stiffness degradation, which is a well-accepted parameter for the evaluation of the fatigue damage state of composite materials. Constant amplitude fatigue loads (CAL) and realistic variable amplitude loads (VAL), representative of real in- flight conditions, have been applied to “dog bone” shaped tensile specimens. It has been shown that the measurement of the surface irregularity parameters can be applied to evaluate the damage state of a structure, and that it is independent of the type of fatigue load that has caused the damage. As a result, this measurement technique is applicable for a wide range of inspections of composite material structures, from pressurized tanks with constant amplitude loads, to variable amplitude loaded aeronautical structures such as wings and empennages, up to automotive and other industrial applications.

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Non contact inspection of the fatigue damage state of carbon fiber reinforced polymer by optical surface roughness measurements

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Optical Sensing of the Fatigue Damage State of CFRP under Realistic Aeronautical Load Sequences

Optical Sensing of the Fatigue Damage State of CFRP under Realistic Aeronautical Load Sequences

Nondestructive Testing of Polymers and Polymer–Matrix Composites

Surface Irregularity Factor as a Parameter to Evaluate the Fatigue Damage State of CFRP

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