Non-contact ultrasonic gas flow metering using air-coupled leaky Lamb waves

Fan, Zhiping; Jiang, Wentao; Wright, William G.

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2018.04.008

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Two pair of piezoelectric air-coupled transducers with a 32 mm diameter mm and central frequencies of 250 kHz and 500 kHz were employed for the excitation and detection of Lamb waves (information about these transducers can be found in [95,96]). The longitudinal wave velocity in air is 343 m/s [53,58]. The actuator was excited by a five-cycle tone burst using a programmable signal generator (33120A, Agilent Technologies, Loveland, CO, USA) and amplified by a factor of50 (WMA-300, Falco Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five [11,36,39,76] and ten cycles [14,58,78] are a reasonable number of cycles for burst signals. Furthermore, windowing the emitted signals can reduce side lobes to avoid exciting other modes [11,40,79] in addition to removing the ringing effects of the transducers [80].…”

Section: Mathematical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the received waveforms show a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) because of the high attenuation present in air [52,53]. Therefore, amplification in transmission/reception and averaging is needed [43,52,57,58]. Furthermore, there are modes which are difficult to excite in air because of its low surface motion, such as the S 0 mode [40,43,52,59,60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study of Coupling Techniques in Lamb Wave Testing of Metallic and Cementitious Plates

Vázquez

Gosalbez

Bosch

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Lamb waves have emerged as a valuable tool to examine long plate-like structures in a faster way compared to conventional bulk wave techniques, which make them attractive in non-destructive testing. However, they present a multimodal and dispersive nature, which hinders signal identification. Oblique incidence is one of the most known methods to generate and receive Lamb waves and it is applied in different experimental arrangements with different types of sensors. In this work, several setups were conducted and compared to determine the optimal ones to launch and detect ultrasonic Lamb waves, especially in non-homogeneous specimens. The chosen arrangements were contact with angle beam transducers, immersion in a water tank, localised water coupling using conical containers and air coupling. Plates of two different materials were used, stainless steel and Portland cement mortar. Theoretical and experimental dispersion curves were compared to verify the existence of Lamb modes and good correspondence was achieved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mathematical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Study of Coupling Techniques in Lamb Wave Testing of Metallic and Cementitious Plates

Vázquez

Gosalbez

Bosch

et al. 2019

Sensors

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show abstract

“…As a rule, when studying the processes of propagation of Lamb waves and evaluating research results, the following methods are used: the semi-analytical method of finite elements [37], the method of finite elements [18,31,35,38,39], Legendre spectral element method [22], dispersion ultrasound vibrometry method [24], spectral analysis [32], analytical methods [40,41], experimental experiments [23,39]. To excite Lamb waves, the following methods and transducers are used: piezoelectric transducers [16,17,21,42], electromagnetic-acoustic transducers [27,43,44], laser method [23,45,46], air-coupled transducers [39,47,48]. In research and practical use, the antisymmetric Lamb wave mode often becomes an interfering factor in the interpretation of testing results [19,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The propagation of antisymmetric Lamb wave in the hollow cylinder

Myshkin¹,

Муравьева²,

Voronchikhin³

et al. 2020

Instrumentation Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications

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The article presents research on the propagation of an antisymmetric Lamb wave mode in a hollow steel cylinder with an outer diameter of 1020 mm and a wall thickness of 16 mm at frequencies of 50 and 120 kHz. Dispersion curves for a pipe and a plate are given, examples of which show their similarity in the frequency range from 5 kHz and the presence of higher-order modes. Experimental studies were carried out using piezoelectric transducers with dry point contact on a spiral welded pipe. The research results showed the combined effect of the geometric anisotropy and anisotropy of the pipe material properties on the propagation velocity of the antisymmetric Lamb wave mode. The maximum difference in velocity depending on the angle of deviation of the wave propagation trajectory (deviation angle) was 35 and 55 m/s at a frequency of 50 and 120 kHz, respectively. The effect of the pipe wall thickness on the character of the dependence of the velocity on the deviation angle in the presence of dispersion was established, which amounted to 20 m/s per 1 mm of wall thickness for a given pipe geometry. A qualitative description of the formation of the shape of the dependence of the wave velocity on the deviation angle, which has a minimum at 30 degrees and a maximum at 90 degrees, is presented.

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“…The properties of flowing fluids can vary significantly from one medium to another. Therefore, a range of flow meters have been developed, operating according to various physical principles and different levels of complexity [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. Among them, the ultrasonic transit-time flow measurement method has been successfully applied in industrial and fiscal metering for many years with numerous key advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Velocity Measurement Using a Spatial Averaging Method with Two-Dimensional Flexural Ultrasonic Array Technology

Kang

Feeney

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Accurate average flow velocity determination is essential for flow measurement in many industries, including automotive, chemical, and oil and gas. The ultrasonic transit-time method is common for average flow velocity measurement, but current limitations restrict measurement accuracy, including fluid dynamic effects from unavoidable phenomena such as turbulence, swirls or vortices, and systematic flow meter errors in calibration or configuration. A new spatial averaging method is proposed, based on flexural ultrasonic array transducer technology, to improve measurement accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of the measurement results. A novel two-dimensional flexural ultrasonic array transducer is developed to validate this measurement method, comprising eight individual elements, each forming distinct paths to a single ultrasonic transducer. These paths are distributed in two chordal planes, symmetric and adjacent to a diametral plane. It is demonstrated that the root-mean-square deviation of the average flow velocity, computed using the spatial averaging method with the array transducer is 2.94%, which is lower compared to that of the individual paths ranging from 3.65% to 8.87% with an average of 6.90%. This is advantageous for improving the accuracy and reducing the uncertainty of classical single-path ultrasonic flow meters, and also for conventional multi-path ultrasonic flow meters through the measurement via each flow plane with reduced uncertainty. This research will drive new developments in ultrasonic flow measurement in a wide range of industrial applications.

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Non-contact ultrasonic gas flow metering using air-coupled leaky Lamb waves

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Comparative Study of Coupling Techniques in Lamb Wave Testing of Metallic and Cementitious Plates

Comparative Study of Coupling Techniques in Lamb Wave Testing of Metallic and Cementitious Plates

The propagation of antisymmetric Lamb wave in the hollow cylinder

Flow Velocity Measurement Using a Spatial Averaging Method with Two-Dimensional Flexural Ultrasonic Array Technology

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