Abstract:This review shows the images obtained with non-contrast MR lymphography in different pathologic conditions affecting the liver. Non-contrast MR lymphography is obtained with a free-breathing 3D high spatial resolution fast-recovery fast spin-echo sequence similar to that used for 3D MR cholangiopancreatography. The liver is the largest lymph-producing organ generating approximately half of the body's lymphatic fluid, and is the most important part of the lymphatic system from a functional point of view. Theref… Show more
“…16 ) and hepatobiliary MRI contrast agent can be used to prove the absence of biliary communication [ 10 ]. On rare occasions, peribiliary cysts can be confused with dilated lymphatic vessels [ 25 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Other Cystic Lesionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The hepatic lymphatic malformations produce varying signals in T1- and T2-weighted sequences, depending on the quantity of fat and fluid components [ 30 ]. Lympho-MR sequences can show dilated lymph duct surrounding the lesion, thereby supporting the diagnosis of HLM [ 25 , 28 ]. Finally, hepatic lymphatic malformations can spontaneously disappear (Fig.…”
Hepatic cysts (HC) are sac-like structures mainly filled with liquid and showing a distinct membrane. They are usually found incidentally through imaging. A wide spectrum of imaging patterns may be observed for common and uncommon, neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. While simple hepatic cysts occur frequently and do not require any treatment or follow-up, non-typical cysts should be carefully analysed to avoid misdiagnosing a lesion that would require appropriate management. Therefore, adequate knowledge of all the relevant imaging patterns is critical to secure an accurate diagnosis. The aim of this review is to describe the imaging features of the different types of hepatic cysts.
“…16 ) and hepatobiliary MRI contrast agent can be used to prove the absence of biliary communication [ 10 ]. On rare occasions, peribiliary cysts can be confused with dilated lymphatic vessels [ 25 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Other Cystic Lesionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The hepatic lymphatic malformations produce varying signals in T1- and T2-weighted sequences, depending on the quantity of fat and fluid components [ 30 ]. Lympho-MR sequences can show dilated lymph duct surrounding the lesion, thereby supporting the diagnosis of HLM [ 25 , 28 ]. Finally, hepatic lymphatic malformations can spontaneously disappear (Fig.…”
Hepatic cysts (HC) are sac-like structures mainly filled with liquid and showing a distinct membrane. They are usually found incidentally through imaging. A wide spectrum of imaging patterns may be observed for common and uncommon, neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. While simple hepatic cysts occur frequently and do not require any treatment or follow-up, non-typical cysts should be carefully analysed to avoid misdiagnosing a lesion that would require appropriate management. Therefore, adequate knowledge of all the relevant imaging patterns is critical to secure an accurate diagnosis. The aim of this review is to describe the imaging features of the different types of hepatic cysts.
“…The hepatic periportal lymphatic system, together with the perihepatic vein lymphatic system, constitutes the deep lymphatic system of the liver [21] . In specific conditions that lead to liver congestion, as cirrhosis or liver transplantation, the periportal lymphatic system may appear thickened in relation to periportal lymphedema, which manifests with a typical "halo sign" around the vascular branches at US or MRI [ 21 , 22 ]. Nonetheless, malignancies like liver lymphoma or metastasis may appear in the form of periportal tissular infiltration, with vessels compression and stenosis [ 6 , 22 ].…”
Intrabdominal lymphatic malformations are rare benign congenital vascular anomalies that account for less than 5% of benign masses in childhood, with an extremely variable clinical presentation. For this reason, although their radiological appearance is usually typical, diagnosis can be challenging and not always immediate. This report describes a unique case of extensive solitary hepatic lymphatic malformation in a 10-year-old boy with both extra- and intraparenchymal development with no associated symptoms. A literature review of reported cases of solitary hepatic lymphatic malformation is also included.
“…For example, the French anatomist Rouvière proposed the structure and distribution of hepatic lymphatics at the macro level based on anatomical and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. In this proposed model, the superficial lymphatic system is situated near the liver capsule, and the deep lymphatic system contains the periportal lymphatics and the perihepatic vein lymphatics 5 , 6 . In particular, hepatic lymphatic capillaries are an essential structural basis for draining excess fluids and proteins, the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins, and the movement of immune cells between the liver and its draining lymph nodes.…”
Rationale: Hepatic lymphatics are essential for liver homeostasis and immune function. However, the 3D structure and spatial distribution of hepatic lymphatic vessels (LVs) need to be confirmed. Moreover, the molecular information of hepatic lymphatic endothelial cells (LyECs) needs to be further studied. The bottleneck is the lack of specific markers or labeling methods for hepatic lymphatic endothelial cells (LyECs) Methods: Here, we proposed a method for the spatiotemporal sequential injection of antibodies (STSI-Ab) to selectively label hepatic LyECs in vivo. In addition, we also developed an efficient hepatic LyEC sorting method and performed deep transcriptome sequencing on hepatic LyECs. Results: The STSI-Ab method achieved selective labeling of the mouse hepatic lymphatic network. Three-dimensional fluorescence imaging results of the STSI-Ab mouse liver lobe clearly showed that hepatic LVs entangled with the portal vein but were not present in the central vein. The imaging data inspired a novel hepatic lobule structure model with an added set of LVs in the portal area. Furthermore, deep transcriptome sequencing of isolated hepatic LyECs and Masson's trichrome staining results suggested that hepatic LyECs might be an important source of collagen fibers deposited in the portal area during the process of liver fibrosis and bile duct ligation (BDL). Conclusions: We proposed an STSI-Ab method for selectively labeling hepatic LVs, distinguishing the hepatic LVs from other vessels, and mapping their 3D structure. This study opens an avenue for understanding hepatic lymphatic structure and it will be very beneficial to the study of hepatic LyEC functions.
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