Compartmentalization
of the aqueous space within a cell is necessary
for life. In similar fashion to the nanometer-scale compartments in
living systems, synthetic water-soluble coordination cages (WSCCs)
can isolate guest molecules
and host chemical transformations. Such cages thus show promise in
biological, medical, environmental, and industrial domains. This review
highlights examples of three-dimensional synthetic WSCCs, offering
perspectives so as to enhance their design and applications. Strategies
are presented that address key challenges for the preparation of coordination
cages that are soluble and stable in water. The peculiarities of guest
binding in aqueous media are examined, highlighting amplified binding
in water, changing guest properties, and the recognition of specific
molecular targets. The properties of WSCC hosts associated with biomedical
applications, and their use as vessels to carry out chemical reactions
in water, are also presented. These examples sketch a blueprint for
the preparation of new metal–organic containers for use in
aqueous solution, as well as guidelines for the engineering of new
applications in water.