2020
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9173
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Non‑cytotoxic doses of shikonin inhibit lipopolysaccharide‑induced TNF‑α expression via activation of the AMP‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway

Abstract: Shikonin has been reported to exhibit a wide variety of medical functions. However, the strong non-selective cytotoxicity of shikonin can restrict its clinical application. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of shikonin at non-cytotoxic doses on the pro-inflammation functions of monocytes and macrophages. The present results suggested that the non-cytotoxic doses of shikonin effectively inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species production, NF-κB activation and … Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
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“…Importantly, the interactions between gut microbiota and natural products can help us better understand the mechanism of different diseases. However, several adverse features in vivo have been reported with shikonin, including its low water solubility, non-selective toxicity, and poor bioavailability, all of which could limit its pharmacological use [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Future investigations should pay considerable attention to improve its water solubility and bioavailability, which will broaden its applications without question.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Importantly, the interactions between gut microbiota and natural products can help us better understand the mechanism of different diseases. However, several adverse features in vivo have been reported with shikonin, including its low water solubility, non-selective toxicity, and poor bioavailability, all of which could limit its pharmacological use [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Future investigations should pay considerable attention to improve its water solubility and bioavailability, which will broaden its applications without question.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%