Non-destructive comparative analysis by X-ray fluorescence of Asian and European seventeenth- to nineteenth-century glass

Knothe, F; Koob, Stephen P.; Brill, Robert H.

doi:10.1179/204705814x13975704317958

Cited by 3 publications

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“…[24][25][26][27] The historical pieces affected are soda, potash, and lead silicate glasses with low content in calcium and magnesium from the 17th and 18th centuries, 8,9,19,28 but earlier examples exist, as well as from the 19th century. 8,14,[29][30][31][32][33][34] In addition, they come from a wide variety of production centers such as England, Italy, Scandinavia, North America, and China. These unstable glasses are often associated with the over purification of raw materials and the use of new recipes to produce glasses with more fluxes (Na 2 O, K 2 O) and lower stabilizer oxides (CaO, MgO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The historical pieces affected are soda, potash, and lead silicate glasses with low content in calcium and magnesium from the 17th and 18th centuries, 8,9,19,28 but earlier examples exist, as well as from the 19th century 8,14,29–34 . In addition, they come from a wide variety of production centers such as England, Italy, Scandinavia, North America, and China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of humidity in the alteration of unstable glasses

Laso

Aparicio

Palomar

2023

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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The control of humidity between certain limits is essential to avoid the alteration of historical objects, such as unstable historical glasses. However, the usual limits can be altered due to the presence of volatile organic compounds. This work presents the results of the exposure of soda, potash, and mixed‐alkali silicate glasses to neutral and acidic (formic) atmospheres with ∼30, ∼70, and ∼100% relative humidity. The hygroscopic capacity of the glass was analyzed by gravimetry, and the surface alteration was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and ion chromatography.In all glasses, the alteration begins with alkali ions' lixiviation followed by the silica network's hydrolytic attack. The results showed that soda and mixed‐alkali silicate glasses exhibit similar behavior, while the potash‐lime one experienced the fastest degradation due to its composition. Results also confirmed that high humidity increased the alteration rate causing a higher hygroscopicity and reactivity of glasses. Finally, acidic environments promoted the ion‐exchange reaction at high humidity, accelerating the lixiviation of alkaline ions and promoting the diffusion of water into the glass network.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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