Non‐destructive determination of the residual monomer content in polymers by Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

By a comparative study and by calibration, Raman spectroscopy is established as a nondestructive method for the determination of the monomer concentration in solid poly(methy1 methacrylate) samples. Although the effect of the internal field on the refractive index and on the Raman intensity of a polymer solution in a monomer is considered, the Raman scattering cross section of the carbonyl stretching vibration of the monomer turns out to be more than twice as large as that of the polymer.

Structural characterization of pulsed laser deposited poly(methylmethacrylate) thin films

“…3 inset). 9 Then this experimental evidence indicates the presence of the monomer unit contents in the PMMA. In our chosen spectral acquisition region, the Raman spectra are also characterized by the bending modes referred to as the C-CH 3 , -CH 2 -and O-CH 3 groups located at 1440, 1450 and 1480 cm 1 , respectively.…”

Quantitative determination of degree of conversion in photocured poly(urethane‐dimethacrylate)s by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

“…To evaluate the DC in polymers of all six homologue series of UDMA, two other methods of calculations have been proposed: internal band ratio method with carbonyl stretching vibrations as a standard and the method involving the direct observation of the decrease in the intensity of C¼ ¼C stretching band. Since these methods have as many followers 4,17,19,22,24 as opponents, 3,7,20 their validity has been checked on OEGMMA/MDI and OEGMMA/ TDI series, by comparing the results with those obtained from internal band ratio method using aromatic band as a reference, being the widely accepted one (Table II).…”

“…3,4,7,10,[14][15][16][17][18] In some studies, when resins do not contain aromatic rings, C¼ ¼O stretching vibration at 1720 cm À1 is used as a standard. 4,17,19,[22][23][24] The results of that method may be inaccurate and many scientists negate C¼ ¼O band usefulness as a standard. 3,7,20 It has been reported that the position and the intensity of the sharp well-defined peak, assigned to the carbonyl stretching vibration, change during polymerization.…”

Quantitative spontaneous Raman scattering spectroscopy in artificial binary lipid membranes

“…Since their introduction, spontaneous Raman spectroscopy as well as microscopy have become invaluable tools for the analysis of technical as well as biological and medical samples and were in the past successfully used for the quantitative analysis of different substances, for example, fuels,[] gasses,[] polymers,[] oils and fats,[] and pharmaceuticals. []…”

“…Since their introduction, spontaneous Raman spectroscopy as well as microscopy have become invaluable tools for the analysis of technical as well as biological and medical samples and were in the past successfully used for the quantitative analysis of different substances, for example, fuels, [5] gasses, [6] polymers, [7] oils and fats, [8] and pharmaceuticals. [9] The challenge in quantitative analysis is most often the development of an analytical model for a specific sample, which requires a profound understanding of the properties of the Raman spectrum in order to identify spectral components from which quantitative information can be obtained.…”