Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of aerospace composites: ultrasonic techniques

Hsu, David K.

doi:10.1533/9780857093554.3.397

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Ultrasonic testing (UT) is one of the most universal NDT methods used for composite structures [6] and is the primary inspection method used in the aircraft/aerospace industry [14]. The reason for this wide applicability of UT is its high sensitivity to various damage types commonly found in composites, such as delaminations, debonds, foreign object inclusions, cracks, voids, and porosity [10,21].…”

Section: Ultrasonic Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greatest challenge in air-coupled UT is the enormous loss of ultrasonic energy at the air-solid interface; therefore, special transducer types are used. For a piezoceramic type of an air-coupled transducer, the special material layers are used to bridge the high acoustic impedance of the transducer element and the low impedance of air [14].…”

Section: Ultrasonic Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common methods used for the inspections of structural aircraft components are shortly introduced in the following subsections. Since the ultrasonic inspection has been by far the most popular among the non-destructive inspections (NDIs) of composites [14,19], this method is presented in more detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Brief Review on NDT&E Methods For Structural Aircraft Components

Wronkowicz-Katunin

2018

Fatigue of Aircraft Structures

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The paper presents a summary of non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) methods applied in inspections of structural aircraft components. This brief review covers the most commonly applied methods such as visual and penetrant inspections, tap-testing, eddy current inspections, shearography, thermography, acoustic emission testing, radiographic and tomographic inspections, and ultrasonic inspections. The general operating principles of these methods as well as their main advantages, limitations and application areas are described below.

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Section: Ultrasonic Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultrasonic Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Brief Review on NDT&E Methods For Structural Aircraft Components

Wronkowicz-Katunin

2018

Fatigue of Aircraft Structures

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“…There is a continuous need for further development of quantitative NDE techniques for composite inspection that address the technical challenges of microdamage (damage such as microcracking, fiber breakage, and fiber-matrix debonding) sensitivity, lay-up insensitivity, and quick, efficient inspection. [Schwartz 1997, Baker et al 2004, ASTM 2009, Barbero 2011, ASTM 2012, Hsu 2013 Nondestructive techniques are based on the detection of damage or defects by observing the change in one or more parameters of the technique being used. In the case of Ultrasonics, the differential parameter is often the arrival time or the amplitude of the received signal.…”

Section: Table 4-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional ultrasonic inspection detects and characterizes damage/defects through the examination of waveform parameters. Typical parameters include: peak amplitude, arrival times of different portions of the waveform, and waveform energy [ASM 1989, Henneke 1990, Hsu 2013]. In order to determine the behavior of coda waves in composite plates, four waveform parameters are extracted and examined for each of the three orthogonal components (longitudinal, shear 0˚, and shear 90˚) of the coda wave field at the plate surface.…”

Section: Spreading Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Ultrasonic Coda Wave (Diffuse Field) NDE of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plates

Livings

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Verification and validation of dielectric mapping technique for non‐destructive evaluation of polymer matrix composites

Berkowitz,

Guha,

Oluwajire

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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The rapid increase in use of polymer matrix composites in different industries underscores the need for reliable non‐destructive evaluation techniques to characterize small‐scale damage and prevent structural failure. A novel dielectric technique exploits moisture‐polymer interactions to identify and track damage, leveraging differences in dielectric properties between free and bound water. This technique has demonstrated the ability to detect low levels of damage, but the localization accuracy has not yet been evaluated. This work utilizes unsupervised machine learning to assess the technique's ability to identify the damage boundary following a low‐velocity impact event. Bismaleimide/quartz and E‐glass/epoxy laminates were impacted via drop tower to induce varying levels of damage, and subsequently inspected via dielectric technique at several moisture levels by weight. Resulting data was processed via k‐means clustering and the identified damage boundary was compared to a boundary obtained from backlit images and scanning electron microscopy. Accuracy was quantified using developed metrics for damage centroid and boundary identification. The technique averaged 93.9% accuracy in determining the damage center and 77.5% accuracy in identifying the damage boundary. Results indicated the technique's effectiveness across varying moisture levels, particularly in damage centroid identification. Localization accuracy was shown to be insensitive to moisture content, improving the technique's practical capabilities. Further analysis revealed potential for delineation of delaminations.Highlights Low‐velocity impact of two material architectures. Damage boundary determined and validated via scanning electron microscopy. Detected damage site via dielectric technique compared to damage boundary. High technique accuracy revealed; >90% centroid localization accuracy. Potential for delamination delineation observed.

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Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of aerospace composites: ultrasonic techniques

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

A Brief Review on NDT&E Methods For Structural Aircraft Components

A Brief Review on NDT&E Methods For Structural Aircraft Components

Quantitative Ultrasonic Coda Wave (Diffuse Field) NDE of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plates

Verification and validation of dielectric mapping technique for non‐destructive evaluation of polymer matrix composites

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