Non-destructive evaluation of aerospace materials with lock-in thermography

Meola, Carosena; Carlomagno, Giovanni Maria; Squillace, Antonino; Vitiello, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.02.007

Cited by 121 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Meola et al [15] focused on the aid provided by Infrared Thermography for nondestructive evaluation of Glare. Several specimens made of full composites, hybrid composites, sandwiches, and metals were considered, addressing three kinds of most common damages (delamination, impact damage, fatigue failure).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Evaluation of Pre-Preg Gaps and Overlaps in Glare Laminates

Nardi

Abouhamzeh

Leonard³

et al. 2018

Appl Compos Mater

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Gaps and overlaps between pre-preg plies represent common flaws in composite materials that can be introduced easily in an automated fibre placement manufacturing process and are potentially detrimental for the mechanical performances of the final laminates. Whereas gaps and overlaps have been addressed for full composite material, the topic has not been extended to a hybrid composite material such as Glare, a member of the family of Fibre Metal Laminates (FMLs). In this paper/research, the manufacturing, the detection, and the optical evaluation of intraply gaps and overlaps in Glare laminates are investigated. As part of an initial assessment study on the effect of gaps and overlaps on Glare, only the most critical lay-up has been considered. The experimental investigation started with the manufacturing of specimens having gaps and overlaps with different widths, followed by a nondestructive ultrasonic-inspection. An optical evaluation of the gaps and overlaps was performed by means of microscope image analysis of the cross sections of the specimens. The results from the non-destructive evaluations show the effectiveness of the ultrasonic detection of gaps and overlaps both in position, shape, width, and severity. The optical inspections confirm the accuracy of the non-destructive evaluation also adding useful insights about the geometrical features due to the presence of gaps and overlaps in the final Glare laminates. All the results justify the need for a further investigation on the effect of gaps and overlaps on the mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Evaluation of Pre-Preg Gaps and Overlaps in Glare Laminates

Nardi

Abouhamzeh

Leonard³

et al. 2018

Appl Compos Mater

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“…Some works obtained phase angle information and phase images on composite and polymer materials thermograms achieving good results but using very sophisticated methods and equipments [5][6][7][8][9][10] that could not fit field inspections in industrial environments.…”

Section: Using Air Blower Excitation: (A) Non-defective Region (B) Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Defect detection in fiberglass reinforced epoxy composite pipes reproducing field inspection conditions

Souza¹,

Rebello²,

Soares³

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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Many works that adopt active thermography as a non-destructive inspection method use very sophisticated equipment for test piece thermal excitation and data acquisition, which demand highly prepared operators, causing their application in industrial environments very costly. This paper aims at detecting defects in adhesive joints of fiberglass reinforced epoxi pipes by means of the Fourier transform phase angle analysis of the time evolution pixel amplitude, using simple and low-cost equipment. Results show that is possible to detect defects in adhesive joints, studying the phase angle behavior, even in regions, where the thermograms show no defects. IntroductionInfrared thermography is a well known technique that provides the capability to see the unseen. As a nondestructive method of inspection, it can reveal surface, subsurface and internal structural defects over a wide variety of materials. The technique is based on the reflectiveness of thermal waves by the surface of the materials [1,2].The thermographic technique is showing a good performance on the inspection of composite materials, including adhesive layers [3,4] and has been used by numerous sectors of the industry reaching exciting levels of detection and characterization of a large variety of materials and devices, justifying the great number of studies that have been made recently [4].The active thermography is the kind of infrared inspection that uses the heat of external sources as excitation that can be analysed on permanent or transient state of heat flow. The lockin thermography uses the information of a unique frequency to analyse the amplitude and phase angles relating these data to location and size of the defects. The pulsed thermography analyses the decay on time of a pulse heat excitation without selecting a specific frequency [1,2].The Pulsed Phase Thermography is an active method that allows the analysis of a wide band of frequencies of heat excitation giving information about the magnitude and phase angles of the temperature decay of the objects inspectioned. The behavior of the phase angle can indicate the presence of defects even inside the material´s structure [1,2], not detectable by conventional termography. Pulsed Phase ThermographyPulsed phase thermography allows the analysis of a series of frequencies by means of a single excitation, and it can be performed in a fast way [2]. However, the equipment used in all active techniques still represents some difficulty for a fast and reliable application in the industry environment, because of the high level of qualification necessary for the operators to set and use the equipment, as well as the high costs involved.The information that can be extracted from the pulsed thermography pass through math algorithms to be analyzed on a frequency basis less affected by the noise of the thermal excitation allowing the observation of phase angles over a wide spectrum of frequencies and can be used to compose the phase images to visualize defects non-detectable on the original thermogram...

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“…The pioneering work on the a posteriori analysis of data dates back to the early 1990s: it suggested that solutions to the problem of automatic ultrasonic NDT data interpretation could be found by expert systems which embody the knowledge of human interpreters (McNab & Dunlop, 1995) (Hopgood et al, 1993) (Avdelidis et al, 2003) (Meola et al, 2006) (Silva et al, 2003). More effective approaches, based on advanced signal processing and artificial intelligence paradigms, have been proposed in the last decade (Benitez et al, 2009) (Wang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Inspection of Aircraft Components Using Thermographic and Ultrasonic Techniques

Leo¹

2012

Recent Advances in Aircraft Technology

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Non-destructive evaluation of aerospace materials with lock-in thermography

Cited by 121 publications

References 13 publications

Detection and Evaluation of Pre-Preg Gaps and Overlaps in Glare Laminates

Detection and Evaluation of Pre-Preg Gaps and Overlaps in Glare Laminates

Defect detection in fiberglass reinforced epoxy composite pipes reproducing field inspection conditions

Automatic Inspection of Aircraft Components Using Thermographic and Ultrasonic Techniques

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