Non-destructive evaluation of the volumes of egg shell and interior: Theoretical approach

Abstract

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Mathematical progression of avian egg shape with associated area and volume determinations

“…This is because the size of both table and breeder eggs can be used to judge egg weight, [4][5][6][7] air exchange, [8][9][10] incubation properties, 11 shell thickness and strength, 12,13 and egg content quality. 14 Most often, these indicators are targeted in research relevant to the poultry industry, and therefore, the calculation formulae for defining the egg volume and surface area, as derived in previous studies, were based both on empirical data 4,5,15 and theoretical computation. [16][17][18][19] Theoretically inferred formulae are of particular research and practical interest, since they do not depend either on the number of measurements or on the sample of eggs used in an experiment.…”

“…In the poultry industry, breeding, and ornithology, not only egg production traits, but also egg quality, including egg volume, V , and surface area, S , are considered as the most important characteristics. This is because the size of both table and breeder eggs can be used to judge egg weight, 4–7 air exchange, 8–10 incubation properties, 11 shell thickness and strength, 12,13 and egg content quality 14 . Most often, these indicators are targeted in research relevant to the poultry industry, and therefore, the calculation formulae for defining the egg volume and surface area, as derived in previous studies, were based both on empirical data 4,5,15 and theoretical computation 16–19 .…”

Hugelschaffer egg curve and surface

“…Analogous to the previous example, a Hügelschäffer egg-shaped curve model can be generated according to the profiles of egg-shaped pipe sewers obtained through composition of circular arcs with the shape index B/L = 2/3 or B/L = 3/4 as given in [47]. In recent years, the application of Hügelschäffer models, as well as other mathematical models for describing the shape of eggs -ovoid forms (curves and surfaces) in the poultry industry and food engineering is on the rise, as evident from papers [2], [13], [14], [16], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28].…”

Shell, a naturally engineered egg packaging: Estimated for strength by non-destructive testing for elastic deformation

“…Availability of effective non-destructive techniques for evaluating the shell strength and other egg quality properties (Voisey et al, 1979;Narushin et al, 2021) is essential, among various potential applications, for improving hatchability Romanov, 2001, 2002a,b,c;Narushin et al, 2002;Shomina et al, 2009b;Tagirov et al, 2009b) and developing methods to detect chick sex in ovo (Narushin et al, , 1996(Narushin et al, , 1998Romanov et al, 1994) and model embryo growth (Narushin et al, , 1997.…”