Non-destructive in-situ classification of sandstones used in the Angkor monuments of Cambodia using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer and magnetic susceptibility meter

Uchida, Etsuo; Watanabe, Ryota; Cheng, Rathborith; Nakamura, Yuta; Takeyama, Toru

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103137

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The analysis precision for each element is 1.4, 35, 5, 1.5, and 6 ppm, respectively. Significant differences in the concentrations of these elements were observed in the Phra Wihan Formation (sandstone blocks used in the Preah Vihear temple [6] and outcrops along the road leading to the Preah Vihear temple) and Sao Khua Formation (sandstone blocks used for the construction of the Banteay Srei temple and other temples in the Angkor monument) [5] of the Khorat Group (Figure 6). The differences in these elemental contents can be used to estimate the sources of the stone blocks used in the construction of the investigated temples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heritage 2024, 7, FOR PEER REVIEW 2 and Wat Phu temple. Greenish graywacke was used for the sanctuaries in the Ta Keo temple, as well as statues and linga/yoni [4,5]. In contrast, across the Khmer temples throughout Cambodia, siliceous sandstone is frequently observed.…”

Section: Siliceous Sandstones Of the Khorat Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gray to yellowish-brown sandstone was a primary construction material in the Angkor monument, Koh Ker monument, Preah Khan monument at Kampong Svay, Banteay Chhmar temple, and Wat Phu temple. Greenish graywacke was used for the sanctuaries in the Ta Keo temple, as well as statues and linga/yoni [4,5]. In contrast, across the Khmer temples throughout Cambodia, siliceous sandstone is frequently observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, across the Khmer temples throughout Cambodia, siliceous sandstone is frequently observed. Typical examples are the Banteay Srei and Preah Vihear temples [5,6]. Red siliceous sandstone was a primary construction material in the Banteay Srei temple, and pale brown siliceous sandstone was a primary construction material in the Preah Vihear temple.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Siliceous Sandstones Used in Local Khmer Temples in Battambang, Ta Keo, and Kampong Cham Provinces, Cambodia

Uchida,

Kobayashi

2024

Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Siliceous sandstones used in Khmer temples such as the Prasat Basset, Wat Ek Phnom, and Phnom Banan temples in Battambang Province, Phnom Chisor and Ta Prohm temples in Ta Keo Province, and Wat Nokor Bachey temple in Kampong Cham Province in Cambodia were investigated in this study to determine the supply source of the siliceous sandstones used in these temples. Chemical composition analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements were conducted for the sandstone blocks used in these temples. Siliceous sandstone is the primary construction material in the investigated temples, except for the Phnon Chisor (bricks). Two types of siliceous sandstone, pale brown and red, were found. Pale brown siliceous sandstone was used for the construction of all the investigated temples. In contrast, red siliceous sandstone was found only in the Wat Ek Phnom, Prasat Basset, and Phnom Banan temples. It is suggested that the pale brown siliceous sandstone originated from the Phra Wihan Formation within the Khorat Group. Based on the chemical composition analysis, the pale brown siliceous sandstone in the Ta Prohm temple at Tonle Bati and the Wat Nokor Bachey temple may have been sourced from the lower level of the Phra Wihan Formation. In contrast, the pale brown siliceous sandstone used in the Prasat Basset, Wat Ek Phnom, Phnom Banan, and Phnom Chisor temples was likely sourced from the upper level. The origin of the red siliceous sandstone is proposed to be from the Sao Khua Formation, which is situated above the Phra Wihan Formation.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Siliceous Sandstones Of the Khorat Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Siliceous Sandstones Used in Local Khmer Temples in Battambang, Ta Keo, and Kampong Cham Provinces, Cambodia

Uchida,

Kobayashi

2024

Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chemical composition analysis for stone cultural properties by a non-destructive method using a pXRF analyzer is a very useful method for identifying the types of stone materials and for understanding differences in chemical composition [ 5 , 13 , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive investigation of sandstone blocks used in the Wat Phu temple in Laos and the Banteay Chhmar temple in Cambodia

Uchida

2023

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Provenance of granitic gravestones in graveyard of feudal lords evaluated by multiple non-destructive rock analyses

Tanikawa

Tokuyama²,

Mochizuki³

et al. 2022

Journal of Cultural Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-destructive in-situ classification of sandstones used in the Angkor monuments of Cambodia using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer and magnetic susceptibility meter

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Siliceous Sandstones Used in Local Khmer Temples in Battambang, Ta Keo, and Kampong Cham Provinces, Cambodia

Siliceous Sandstones Used in Local Khmer Temples in Battambang, Ta Keo, and Kampong Cham Provinces, Cambodia

Non-destructive investigation of sandstone blocks used in the Wat Phu temple in Laos and the Banteay Chhmar temple in Cambodia

Provenance of granitic gravestones in graveyard of feudal lords evaluated by multiple non-destructive rock analyses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About