Non-destructive study of the ion-implantation-affected zone (the long-range effect) in titanium nitride

Perry, A.J.; Treglio, James R.; Schaffer, J.P.; Brunner, J.; Valvoda, V.; Rafaja, David

doi:10.1016/0257-8972(94)90034-5

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…One unique merit is that this method is free from adhesive problems and is capable of changing the grain size of the original components when the ions are implanted into the matrix [11]. A further merit is that the high-energy ions not only modify structures and components of the implanted subsurface at tens of nanometers, but also impact the zone located underneath the implanted subsurface by long-range effect [12,13]. Furthermore, it has been reported in many cases that the irradiation of a material by two or more distinct types of ions (for example, gas and metal ions) results in more significant changes in the properties of the material [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti + N Ion Implanted Cronidur30 Steel

2019

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In this study, Ti + N ion implantation was used as a surface modification method for surface hardening and friction-reducing properties of Cronidur30 bearing steel. The structural modification and newly-formed ceramic phases induced by the ion implantation processes were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). The mechanical properties of the samples were tested by nanoindentation and friction experiments. The surface nanohardness was also improved significantly, changing from ~10.5 GPa (pristine substrate) to ~14.2 GPa (Ti + N implanted sample). The friction coefficient of Ti + N ion implanted samples was greatly reduced before failure, which is less than one third of pristine samples. Furthermore, the TEM analyses confirmed a trilamellar structure at the near-surface region, in which amorphous/ceramic nanocrystalline phases were embedded into the implanted layers. The combined structural modification and hardening ceramic phases played a crucial role in improving surface properties, and the variations in these two factors determined the differences in the mechanical properties of the samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti + N Ion Implanted Cronidur30 Steel

2019

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“…The terms “long‐range action” and “long‐range effects” as applied to the bombardment of solids with accelerated ions have become well established and relate to the experimental facts of changes to the structure and properties of materials at depth L , which is much in excess of the mean projected range R p of ions. Even though in some cases special investigations fail to register long‐range effects under ion bombardment, and in other cases such effects may be attributed to trivial reasons, e.g., heating of several hundred degrees by powerful ion beams ( P s ≥ 1–10 W cm −2 ) reliable data testify to changes in the structure and properties of materials over an anomalously large (or considerably increased) depth , which cannot be explained by the known reasons. It was found that the maximum response to the ion irradiation as well as the most extended impact zone is observed for metastable media with a high stored energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many experimental facts gathered in the course of studying different properties and microstructure of ion‐implanted materials testify to the fact that the effect of accelerated ion beams on materials is not limited to the ions penetration zone, but extends to much greater distances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceleration of volume decomposition of supersaturated Al + 4 wt.% Cu solid solution under irradiation with Ar⁺ ions

Гущина

Ovchinnikov

Mücklich

2015

Phys. Status Solidi B

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Effect of irradiation with Ar+ ions on the decomposition processes of model precipitation‐hardening alloy Al + 4 wt.% Cu has been studied. Using X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution electron microscopy methods and micro hardness measurements, it was established, that, already at low temperatures (T < 60 °C), ion irradiation causes accelerated decomposition of solid solution, with precipitation of θ′‐ and θ‐phase particles at a depth greatly exceeding the Ar+ ions projected range.

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“…Perry has shown that TiN withstands much radiation damage from argon with 100 keV implant energy and up to 4 × 10 [87,82]. Transmission electron microscope investigations and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction depth profiles showed that, with the implanting of large doses of a heavy ion, the damage profile reaches far beyond the boundaries of displacement damage or implant [88,89,87,86,53,90,91,92,93,94,82,95,96].…”

Section: Radiation Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Damage and Fission Product Release in Zirconium Nitride

Egeland

2005

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Zirconium nitride is a material of interest to the AFCI program due to some of its particular properties, such as its high melting point, strength and thermal conductivity. It is to be used as an inert matrix or diluent with a nuclear fuel based on transuranics. As such, it must sustain not only high temperatures, but also continuous irradiation from fission and decay products. This study addresses the issues of irradiation damage and fission product retention in zirconium nitride through an assessment of defects that are produced, how they react, and how predictions can be made as to the overall lifespan of the complete nuclear fuel package.Ion irradiation experiments are a standard method for producing radiation damage to a surface for observation. Cryogenic irradiations are performed to produce the maximum accumulation of defects, while elevated temperature irradiations may be used to allow defects to migrate and react to form clusters and loops. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and grazing-incidence x-ray diffractometry were used in evaluating the effects that irradiation has on the crystal structure and microstructure of the material. Other techniques were employed to evaluate physical effects, such as nanoindentation and helium release measurements.Results of the irradiations showed that, at cryogenic temperatures, ZrN withstood over 200 displacements per atom without amorphization. No significant change to the lattice or microstructure was observed. At elevated temperatures, the large amount of damage showed mobility, but did not anneal significantly. Defect clustering was possibly observed, yet the size was too small to evaluate, and bubble formation was not observed.Defects, specifically nitrogen vacancies, affect the mechanical behavior of ZrN dramatically. Current and previous work on dislocations shows a distinct change in slip plane, which is evidence of the bonding characteristics. The stacking-fault energy changes dramatically with lowered nitrogen stoichiometry, resulting in widely spaced partial dislocations in ZrN with high nitrogen vacancy concentration.The wide range of nitrogen stoichiometry in the phase field shows that ZrN may accept nitrogen defects readily. Explanations for this are suggested based upon the bonding structure of these cubic nitrides. This structure allows for a solid framework to remain on one sublattice, while at the same time allowing defects on the other sublattice. This allowance for defects allows significant damage from irradiation yet also decreases the drive for cluster growth. This is evidence that the structure will be acceptable for long-term use as a nuclear reactor fuel.

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Non-destructive study of the ion-implantation-affected zone (the long-range effect) in titanium nitride

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti + N Ion Implanted Cronidur30 Steel

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti + N Ion Implanted Cronidur30 Steel

Acceleration of volume decomposition of supersaturated Al + 4 wt.% Cu solid solution under irradiation with Ar⁺ ions

Radiation Damage and Fission Product Release in Zirconium Nitride

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Non-destructive study of the ion-implantation-affected zone (the long-range effect) in titanium nitride

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti + N Ion Implanted Cronidur30 Steel

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti + N Ion Implanted Cronidur30 Steel

Acceleration of volume decomposition of supersaturated Al + 4 wt.% Cu solid solution under irradiation with Ar+ ions

Radiation Damage and Fission Product Release in Zirconium Nitride

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Acceleration of volume decomposition of supersaturated Al + 4 wt.% Cu solid solution under irradiation with Ar⁺ ions