Non-Detection of Dark Matter Particles: A Case for Alternate Theories of Gravity

Abstract

While there is overwhelming evidence for dark matter (DM) in galaxies and galaxy clusters, all searches for DM particles have so far proved negative. It is not even clear whether only one particle is involved or a combination or particles, their masses not precisely predicted. This non-detectability raises the possible relevance of modified gravity theories – MOND, MONG, etc. Here we consider a specific modification of Newtonian gravity (MONG) which involves gravitational self-energy, leading to modified equations whose solutions imply flat rotation curves and limitations of sizes of clusters. The results are consistent with current observations including that involving large spirals. This modification could also explain the current Hubble tension. We also consider effects of dark energy (DE) in terms of a cosmological constant.

Redefinition of new physics philosophical principles for explaining motion phenomenon

“…In this theory the behavior of galaxies is affected by Ether's motion equation and there is no constraint deduced by mass-energy distribution. Let us call the scale factor as 𝑏 [32], so the deceleration parameter is represented as 𝑞 = − 𝑏 ̈𝑏 𝑏 ̇2 ⁄ where any expanding universe have a negative decelerating parameter, 𝑞 < 0. The scale factor in this theory is obtained from equation (11) The same manner can be applied to find the behavior of Ether inside a galaxy.…”

“…Since the space is very nearly flat, there is no explanation for 70% of the energy density of the universe. This problem appears to be in connection with the observation of the nonlinear accelerated expansion of the universe [28][29][30][31][32]. We would expect the rate of expansion to slow down due to the effect of gravity.…”