Non-dimensional analysis of electrochemical governing equations of lead-acid batteries

Nazghelichi, Tayyeb; Torabi, Farschad; Esfahanian, Vahid

doi:10.1016/j.est.2019.101120

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Non-dimensionalization might reduce the number of model parameters, expand the applicability of the obtained results, increase the stability and accuracy of the simulated results, and make the comparison between various scenarios easier. 68,69 The system of governing equations, as well as the B.C.s, are non-dimensionalized by substitution of proper dimensionless variables to remove the units. The dimensionless form of Eqs.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Simulation of Evolution Processes and Entropy Generation for Optimal Architecture of an Electrochemical Reaction-Diffusion System: Comparison of Two Optimization Strategies

Alizadeh,

Charoen-amornkitt,

Suzuki

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Employment of electrochemical energy devices is being expanded as the world is shifting toward more sustainable power resources. To meet the required cost efficiency standards for commercialization, there is a need for optimal design of the electrodes. In this study, a topology optimization method is proposed to increase the performance of an electrochemical reaction-diffusion system. A dimensionless model is developed to characterize the transport and rate processes in the system. Two optimization strategies are introduced to improve system performance using a heterogeneous distribution of constituents. In addition, an entropy generation model is proposed to evaluate the system irreversibilities quantitatively. The findings show that the system performance could be enhanced up to 116.7% with an optimal tree-root-like structure. Such a heterogeneous material distribution provides a balance among various competing transport and rate processes. The proposed methodology could be employed in optimal design of electrodes for various electrochemical devices. This study also offers a fundamental comprehension of optimal designs by showing the connection between the optimal designs and the entropy generation. It is revealed that a less dissipating system corresponds to a more uniform current and entropy generation. Some recommendations are also made in choosing a proper optimization approach for electrochemical systems.

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Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Simulation of Evolution Processes and Entropy Generation for Optimal Architecture of an Electrochemical Reaction-Diffusion System: Comparison of Two Optimization Strategies

Alizadeh,

Charoen-amornkitt,

Suzuki

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Hysteresis includes two parts: the beginning part is that variables significantly change or hold up in the opposite direction of degradation; the following part is that variables rapidly change in the positive direction of degradation. The main reason for hysteresis is the nature of complicated nonlinear system dynamics of lead-acid batteries [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure Warning at the End of Service-Life of Lead–Acid Batteries for Backup Applications

et al. 2020

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The prediction of remaining useful life is an important function of battery management systems. Existing research typically focused on factors that determine the quantity of the remaining useful capacity, and are able to determine the remaining useful capacity several years before battery failure to counter hysteresis of variables of lead–acid batteries. These techniques are not suitable at the end of service-life for backup batteries. This paper proposes a linear-superposition–voltage-aging model with three improvements. First, the estimation of the deep-discharge of the proposed voltage model does not require the remaining useful capacity. Second, the internal resistance of the deep-discharge is predicted from the contacting resistance of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Third, a morphology correction factor of internal resistance is about to saturate at the end of battery service-life. The model accurately forecasts battery failure at the end of service-life in two groups of accelerated-aging experiments. The proposed method in this paper focuses on the factors that determine quality of remaining useful capacity to counter hysteresis of variables of lead–acid batteries and judge battery failure at the end of service-life.

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“…Due to this, most research into the behaviour of the electrolyte within the electrode active material has been restricted to mathematical models. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Numerous models, such as from Turner et al, 15 have consistently shown that high-rate discharges may be limited by mass transport of sulfuric acid into an electrode. In this case, within an electrode, sulfuric acid is consumed at a greater rate than what can be supplied via diffusion or migration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Cell for Simultaneous In Situ Analysis of Local Electrolyte Distribution and Porous Morphology within the Negative Electrode in a Lead-Acid Battery

Stone

Hollenkamp

Mahon

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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While lead-acid is without doubt the oldest battery technology still in use and despite continuous research over many years, mystery still surrounds certain key aspects of its operation. A complex relationship exists between the characteristics of the electrolyte and those of the solid lead sulfate that is alternately deposited and removed during discharge-charge. A premature mode of failure is the often-cited ‘plate sulfation’ that affects the negative electrode and this was investigated by forcing electrolyte flow through the electrode to probe structural changes. A new design of flow cell that measures flow through the porous electrode has been developed. Under forced electrolyte flow, the discharge capacity and recharge efficiency both increased significantly confirming that local sulfuric acid concentration has a strong effect. Also contributing to decreased electrolyte flow was the production of hydrogen gas during charging, which may make this technique useful in studies of fast-charging. Beyond this, the flow cell can be used to investigate types of duty where the deposition of lead sulfate triggers catastrophic loss of performance. The ability to monitor electrolyte flow accurately provides an important additional operating parameter that will help characterize modes of electrode failure that until now have remained opaque.

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Non-dimensional analysis of electrochemical governing equations of lead-acid batteries

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

A Numerical Simulation of Evolution Processes and Entropy Generation for Optimal Architecture of an Electrochemical Reaction-Diffusion System: Comparison of Two Optimization Strategies

A Numerical Simulation of Evolution Processes and Entropy Generation for Optimal Architecture of an Electrochemical Reaction-Diffusion System: Comparison of Two Optimization Strategies

Failure Warning at the End of Service-Life of Lead–Acid Batteries for Backup Applications

Flow Cell for Simultaneous In Situ Analysis of Local Electrolyte Distribution and Porous Morphology within the Negative Electrode in a Lead-Acid Battery

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