Non-driving Related Activities in Automated Driving – An Online Survey Investigating User Needs

Hecht, Tobias; Darlagiannis, Emilia; Bengler, Klaus

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27928-8_28

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Analyzing the participation rates reveals that shorter automation durations promote window gazing and talking, while the attractiveness of reading is decreased. This is to some extent in line with Hecht et al [23] and their investigation on required time budgets per activity. It is, however, only a trend and would need further inquiries with larger sample sizes to enhance findings and perform statistic tests.…”

Section: Transition Frequencysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Unlike studies by Pfleging et al [17] and Sommer [18] suggest, no one used the radio or listened to music. This may also be caused by the lack of privacy [23]. Furthermore, participants are not yet used to automated driving and might thus change their behavior over time.…”

Section: Transition Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, participants are not yet used to automated driving and might thus change their behavior over time. Additionally, factors like trip purpose, trip duration, and comfort can have an effect on the choice of activities [23].…”

Section: Transition Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many researchers highlight large individual differences in the choice of activities and their respective durations [21,22]. Hecht et al [23] thus researched factors influencing the choice of activities and found that factors involving privacy, comfort, travel purpose, trip duration, and age have an effect on the attractiveness of several activities in an online survey with 200 participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beggiato et al [37] consequently name "remaining time to take over" as one of the items of the system status, that was identified as the most important item needed in Level 3 automation. In a study by Hecht et al [23], remaining time in automated driving mode was rated the second-most important information item in urban automated driving (after reliability). Moreover, NDRA engagement was found to lower the importance of most information items, but it did not affect the importance of the predictive HMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of a Predictive HMI and Different Transition Frequencies on Acceptance, Workload, Usability, and Gaze Behavior during Urban Automated Driving

2020

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Automated driving research as a key topic in the automotive industry is currently undergoing change. Research is shifting from unexpected and time-critical take-over situations to human machine interface (HMI) design for predictable transitions. Furthermore, new applications like automated city driving are getting more attention and the ability to engage in non-driving related activities (NDRA) starting from SAE Level 3 automation poses new questions to HMI design. Moreover, future introduction scenarios and automated capabilities are still unclear. Thus, we designed, executed, and assessed a driving simulator study focusing on the effect of different transition frequencies and a predictive HMI while freely engaging in naturalistic NDRA. In the study with 33 participants, we found transition frequency to have effects on workload and acceptance, as well as a small impact on the usability evaluation of the system. Trust, however, was not affected. The predictive HMI was used and accepted, as can be seen by eye-tracking data and the post-study questionnaire, but could not mitigate the above-mentioned negative effects induced by transition frequency. Most attractive activities were window gazing, chatting, phone use, and reading magazines. Descriptively, window gazing and chatting gained attractiveness when interrupted more often, while reading magazines and playing games were negatively affected by transition rate.

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Section: Transition Frequencysupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Transition Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transition Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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