Non-edible fruit seeds: nutritional profile, clinical aspects, and enrichment in functional foods and feeds

Kumar, Harsh; Dhalaria, Rajni; Guleria, Shivani; Sharma, Ruchi; Kumar, Dinesh; Verma, Rachna; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Dhanjal, Daljeet Singh; Chopra, Chirag; Kaur, Talwinder; Kumar, Vijay; Siddiqui, Shahida Anusha; Manickam, Sivakumar; Cimler, Richard; Kuca, Kamil

doi:10.1080/10408398.2023.2264973

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

2023

DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2264973

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Non-edible fruit seeds: nutritional profile, clinical aspects, and enrichment in functional foods and feeds

Harsh Kumar,

Rajni Dhalaria,

Shivani Guleria

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Dynamics of cyanogenic glycosides in apple and plum fruits, products, and byproducts: A concise review

Kristl,

Golenač,

Sem

2024

Journal of Food Science

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Apples (Malus domestica) and plums (Prunus domestica) are important fruit crops belonging to the Rosaceae family. The edible parts of fruits and seeds contain phytochemicals; however, the seeds are rich in cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs), which release toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) upon the loss of plant cell integrity. This review aims to explore the quantitative and qualitative CNG profiles in apples and plums, focusing on their distribution in different parts of the fruit, changes during fruit development, and environmental impacts on their biosynthesis. It also discusses the intricate dynamics of CNGs in processed fruits and waste‐derived products and the effects of the processing methods on CNG content. There is considerable variation in the CNG content of fruit crops, as well as in its distribution in fruit parts other than seeds and shifts during fruit maturation. Although several studies have attempted to explain this variability by the influence of cultivars and exogenous factors, there is insufficient evidence to draw reliable conclusions. Furthermore, due to the lack of studies, the dynamics of CNGs during the storage of fresh or preserved fruit remains unaddressed. In the context of reusing plum stones from waste to produce distillates, it is recommended to monitor the HCN content in the products during storage, as it can increase significantly over time. Processing methods influence CNG levels, with strategies like seed separation, soaking, and microwave heating showing promise in reducing cyanide (CN−) presence. The insights from this review will provide direction for future detailed research.

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Dynamics of cyanogenic glycosides in apple and plum fruits, products, and byproducts: A concise review

Kristl,

Golenač,

Sem

2024

Journal of Food Science

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Anti-Platelet Activity of Sea Buckthorn Seeds and Its Relationship with Thermal Processing

Sławińska,

Żuchowski,

Stochmal

et al. 2024

Foods

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Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a tree or shrub with small, orange berries. Sea buckthorn seeds have shown many properties beneficial to human health, including antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, and retinoprotective activities. Seeds, as a component of food, are often exposed to high temperatures, which can increase or decrease their biological activity. In our previous study, we showed that both raw and roasted sea buckthorn seeds had significant antioxidant activity, which was measured in human plasma in vitro. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of extracts from raw and roasted sea buckthorn seeds on several parameters of hemostasis in vitro, including thrombus formation in full blood (measured by the Total Thrombus formation Analysis System—T-TAS), blood platelet activation (based on the exposition of P-selectin, the active form of GPIIb/IIIa on their surface and platelet-derived microparticles formation), aggregation (measured with impedance aggregometry), adhesion to fibrinogen and collagen, arachidonic acid metabolism in washed platelets stimulated by thrombin, and COX-1 activity. We also measured the levels of free 8-isoprostane in plasma and the total non-enzymatic antioxidant status of plasma. The extract from roasted seeds (50 µg/mL) significantly prolonged the time of occlusion measured by T-TAS—the AUC10 (area under the curve) value was decreased by approximately 18%. Both extracts decreased the exposition of the active form of GPIIb/IIIa on the surface of platelets activated with 10 μM ADP (by 38.4–62.2%) and 20 μM ADP (by 39.7–51.3%). Moreover, the extract from raw seeds decreased the exposition of P-selectin on the surface of platelets stimulated with 20 μM ADP (by 31.2–34.9%). The adhesion of thrombin-stimulated platelets to fibrinogen and collagen was inhibited only by the extract from roasted sea buckthorn seeds (by 20–30%). Moreover, the extract from raw seeds inhibited the level of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, an indicator of enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid) in washed platelets stimulated with thrombin; the activity of COX-1 was inhibited by both extracts, although the effect of the extract from raw seeds was stronger. These results indicate that sea buckthorn seeds have anti-platelet activity that is not decreased by thermal processing, but more research is needed to determine which exact chemical compounds and mechanisms are responsible for this phenomenon.

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Food Proteins as Functional Ingredients in the Management of Chronic Diseases: A Concise Review

Shahnaz,

Fawole,

Adeyanju

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Chronic diseases have emerged as a formidable global health concern, with their prevalence steadily rising over the years. Several approaches to addressing these concerns include the use of medications, which are often expensive, contain synthetic chemical substances, and have reported adverse effects. The use of foods, especially proteins, as an alternative approach to addressing chronic health concerns by treating and managing chronic diseases is increasing. This review evaluates the intriguing role of food proteins in mitigating chronic diseases and improving our understanding of the therapeutic potential of different protein types, including those derived from legumes, nuts, and seeds, dairy, fish, and numerous other sources. They have been reported to offer promising avenues for managing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic inflammation, weight management, bone health, glycemic control, muscle preservation, and many other health benefits. Although the exact mechanisms for these actions are still not properly elucidated, it is, however, understood that food proteins exert these health-beneficial effects by their unique nutritional and bioactive profiles, especially their bioactive peptides and amino acids. Practical applications are also discussed, including dietary interventions that are tailored towards incorporating protein-rich foods and the development of functional foods for disease prevention and management. Food proteins are a promising approach to combating chronic diseases that can turn around public health practices.

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Non-edible fruit seeds: nutritional profile, clinical aspects, and enrichment in functional foods and feeds

Cited by 3 publications

References 108 publications

Dynamics of cyanogenic glycosides in apple and plum fruits, products, and byproducts: A concise review

Dynamics of cyanogenic glycosides in apple and plum fruits, products, and byproducts: A concise review

Anti-Platelet Activity of Sea Buckthorn Seeds and Its Relationship with Thermal Processing

Food Proteins as Functional Ingredients in the Management of Chronic Diseases: A Concise Review

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