“…Atomic coherence effects, induced by laser fields, such as the coherent population trapping (CPT) [1], the coherent population oscillation (CPO) [2], the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [3], have become increasingly popular because of their very wide applications in lasing without inversion [4], enhancement of refractive index [5], slow light [6][7][8], storage of light [9,10], nanoscale resolution [11], magnetometry [12], etc. The interference resulting from multiple path ways produces a narrow dip in the absorption spectra which typically are used in applications.…”