Because of their unique properties and qualities, nanoparticles are being employed in a wide range of scientific and technological applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Due to their excellent physical and catalytic characteristics, nanoparticles (NPs) such as metal oxide have been used in electrochemistry to increase their electro-catalytic efficiency [8][9][10]. In addition, the high surface area [11], antibacterial activity [12] and drug delivery [13] make such materials effective substrate for fabrication of novel composites material for various fields [14][15][16]. In addition, Nanomaterials and their nanocomposites with unique atomic thickness are promising materials for various applications including tissue engineering [16], energy storage [17,18], water related applications [18] and catalytic industries [20][21][22] due to their outstanding properties such as high mechanical strength, large surface area, good chemical and thermal stability, ease of functionalization, and hydrophilic surface.For instance, Benmoussa et al., proposed a novel electrochemical biosensor to detect cancer biomarker (lactic acid) based on organic-inorganic composite coupled with a molecularly imprinted polymer to create a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor where a limit of detection around 0.726 μM has been determined [14]. Hence, The NPs-modified electrode enhanced signal responsiveness, sensitivity, and repeatability [23][24][25][26][27], and it has several bioscience applications.Furthermore, the characteristics of composite materials are determined by the morphology of the phases, which must be regulated across many length scales [25][26][27][28]. As a result, the creation of such materials is a "land of multidisciplinarity", requiring chemists, physicists, material scientists, and engineers to collaborate together.CuO NPs have been popular in bio-electrochemical and electrochemical operations in recent years due to their capacity to promote electron transmission in various types of sensors [29][30][31][32] and update the electrode surface in batteries and supercapacitors [33][34][35][36]. CuO NPs can be used in electronics, coatings, ceramics, catalysis, petrochemical products, and a variety of other applications. Polyaniline (PANI) was found to have similar features such as exceptional electrical conductivity, more oxygen-containing functional groups, strong water solubility, a wide surface area, and a higher platform for improved electrochemical sensor performance [37][38][39][40][41]. However, the electrochemical examination of bare PANI is restricted due to its poorer electro-catalytic activity than metal oxide based PANI nano-hybrid (CuO@PANI). The combination of PANI and metal oxide nanoparticles resulted in a high sensitivity for