Non-equilibrium plasma kinetics: a state-to-state approach

Capitelli, M.; Armenise, I.; Bruno, D.; Cacciatore, M.; Celiberto, R.; Colonna, G.; Pascale, O. De; Diomede, P.; Esposito, Fabrizio; Gorse, C.; Hassouni, K.; Laricchiuta, Annarita; Longo, S.; Pagano, D.; Pietanza, Lucia Daniela; Rutigliano, M.

doi:10.1088/0963-0252/16/1/s03

Cited by 104 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The most general thermodynamic nonequilibrium model is the state to state model where each internal state of a molecule is independent and considered as a separate species [28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37]. When there are partial equilibria between some of these states, species internal energy temperatures can be defined and the complexity of the model is correspondingly reduced [30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37].…”

Section: A Multi-temperature Kinetic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functions M (k, s) and N (k, s) are therefore polynomials in s of degree 4 and 3, respectively, and, by taking the limit → 0, we can then write 28) where the expressions for the polynomials b j (k), 1 j 6, are easily evaluated. We have now all ingredients to compute the fluctuation power spectrum from eq.…”

Section: Fluctuation Power Spectrum From the Two-temperature Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relaxation of internal temperature and volume viscosity

Bruno

Giovangigli

2011

Physics of Fluids

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We investigate the relaxation of internal temperature and the concept of volume viscosity in nonequilibrium gas models derived from the kinetic theory. We first investigate a nonequilibrium gas model with two temperatures-translational and internal-where the volume viscosity is absent. We establish that, in a relaxation regime, the temperature difference becomes proportional to the divergence of the velocity fields and define a nonequilibrium, multitemperature, volume viscosity coefficient. We next analyze the convergence of the two temperature model towards the one temperature model when the relaxation is fast. We then investigate a nonequilibrium two temperature gas model with a fast and a slow internal energy mode. We establish that, in a relaxation regime, there are four contributions to the volume viscosity, namely the fast internal mode volume viscosity, the slow internal mode volume viscosity, the relaxation pressure and the perturbed source term. In the thermodynamic equilibrium limit, the sum of these four terms converges toward the one-temperature two-mode volume viscosity. We finally perform Monte Carlo simulations of spontaneous fluctuations near thermodynamic equilibrium. The numerical results obtained from the Boltzmann equation are compared to the predictions of the one and two temperature fluid models and the agreement between theory and calculations is complete.

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Section: A Multi-temperature Kinetic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluctuation Power Spectrum From the Two-temperature Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation of internal temperature and volume viscosity

Bruno

Giovangigli

2011

Physics of Fluids

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“…Hence, under the conditions of this work, the main contribution from energy stored in the electronic degrees of freedom comes from processes N 2 It is also worth noting that the experimental data reported in [3] for N 2 (A) concern the vibrational levels v = 0-6, while our calculations consider, instead, the total population for each electronically excited state. Hence, a state-to-state approach [20] with a specific description for N 2 (A 3 P u + , v) states as in [21] would provide more accurate predictions and consequently a better agreement with the measurements reported in [3] for N 2 (A, v = 0-6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Relaxation of heavy species and gas temperature in the afterglow of a N₂ microwave discharge

Pintassilgo

Guerra

2017

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. In this paper we present a self-consistent kinetic model to study the temporal variation of the gas temperature in the afterglow of a 440 Pa microwave nitrogen discharge operating at 433 MHz in a 3.8 cm diameter tube. The initial conditions in the afterglow are determined by a kinetic model that solves the electron Boltzmann equation coupled to the gas thermal balance equation and a system of rate-balance equations for N 2 (X 1 P g + , v) molecules, electronically excited states of N 2 , ground and excited states of atomic nitrogen and the main positive ions. Once the initial concentrations of the heavy species and gas temperature are known, their relaxation in the afterglow is obtained from the solutions to the corresponding time-dependent equations. Modelling predictions are found to be in good agreement with previously measured values for the concentrations of N( 4 S) atoms and N 2 (A 3 P u + ) molecules, and the radially averaged gas temperature T g along the afterglow of a microwave discharge in N 2 under the same working conditions. It is shown that gas heating in the afterglow comes essentially from the energy transfer involving non-resonant vibration-vibration (V-V) collisions between vibrationally excited nitrogen molecules, as well as from energy exchanges in vibration-translation (V-T) on N 2 -N collisions.

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“…Plasma conditions in the negative ion sources (NIS) are not so far from those met in the divertor region (DR) so that spectroscopic and kinetic methods studied in NIS can be extended to understand DR properties. We refer in particular to the spectroscopic methods to measure vibrational temperature and vibrational distribution function (VDF) as well as the complex kinetic models used to rationalize these measurements [2,3]. Non equilibrium vibrational distributions are controlled not only by electron molecule impact collisions i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non equilibrium vibrational distributions are controlled not only by electron molecule impact collisions i.e. the so called e-V and E-V pumping processes [1,2,3] but also by quenching processes involving atomic species, in particular the process H + H 2 (ν, j) ↔ H + H 2 (ν , j )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From cold to fusion plasmas: spectroscopy, molecular dynamics and kinetic considerations

Capitelli¹,

Celiberto²,

Colonna³

et al. 2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Abstract. Non-equilibrium effects in hydrogen plasmas have been investigated in different systems, ranging from RF plasmas to corona discharges. Existing measurements of vibrational and rotational temperatures, obtained by different spectroscopical techniques are reported, rationalized by results calculated by kinetic models. Input data of these models are discussed with particular attention on the dependence of relevant cross sections on the vibrational quantum number. Moreover the influence of vibrational excitation of the H 2 molecules in affecting the translational distribution of atoms in ground and excited levels is shown. Finally a collisional radiative model for atomic hydrogen levels, based on the coupling of the Boltzmann equation for EEDF and the excited state kinetics, is presented, emphasizing the limits of quasi-stationary approximation. In this last case, large deviations of the EEDF and atomic level distributions from the equilibrium are observed.

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Non-equilibrium plasma kinetics: a state-to-state approach

Cited by 104 publications

References 55 publications

Relaxation of internal temperature and volume viscosity

Relaxation of internal temperature and volume viscosity

Relaxation of heavy species and gas temperature in the afterglow of a N₂ microwave discharge

From cold to fusion plasmas: spectroscopy, molecular dynamics and kinetic considerations

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Non-equilibrium plasma kinetics: a state-to-state approach

Cited by 104 publications

References 55 publications

Relaxation of internal temperature and volume viscosity

Relaxation of internal temperature and volume viscosity

Relaxation of heavy species and gas temperature in the afterglow of a N2 microwave discharge

From cold to fusion plasmas: spectroscopy, molecular dynamics and kinetic considerations

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Relaxation of heavy species and gas temperature in the afterglow of a N₂ microwave discharge