Non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in dairy cattle. A review

Adewuyi, Alfred A.; Gruys, E.; Eerdenburg, F.J.C.M. van

doi:10.1080/01652176.2005.9695192

Cited by 277 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The plasma concentrations of NEFA were found within the physiological values in all treatments (averaging 84.8 µmol/L), considering acceptable values <600 µmol/L after calving (Adewuyi et al, 2005;Wittwer, 2012). The lower and stable concentrations are explained by a positive effect of corn silage supplementation on both treatments combined with the days in milk of the cows (only the first sampling was different) (van Knegsel et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions

et al. 2016

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-This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of management tools -daily pasture allowance and corn silage supplementation -during periods of forage shortage on the metabolism of dairy cows grazing low-mass pasture in temperate regions. Forty lactating Holstein cows were used during an experimental period of seventy days (April 15 to June 23, 2012). Blood metabolites and milk production were determined in fall-calving dairy cows grazing under two daily pasture allowances (PA) (moderate, 17 kg vs. high, 25 kg dry matter (DM)) and supplemented with corn silage (CS) (low, 4.5 kg vs. high, 9.0 kg DM). All cows received 3 kg DM of concentrate. Plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and urea were determined using an automated spectrophotometer, and milk production was electronically measured at each milking time during the trial. The experimental design was completely randomized using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The increase in daily PA decreased plasma concentrations of BHBA (0.91±0. , but did not change milk production. The positive effect of increasing PA was associated with a high herbage intake, while the lack of response to increasing CS supplementation was attributed to a high substitution of pasture intake (0.9 kg DM pasture/kg DM CS). Low corn silage supplementation is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions

et al. 2016

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“…According to Bobe et al (2004), liver lesions caused by fatty infiltration as a consequence of lipomobilization are typically observed in high producing dairy cows during the first stage of lactation. The main indicators of hepatic lesions and function are the liver enzymes, but the serum concentrations of metabolites like glucose, proteins and urea are also indicators of hepatic functionality and decreases in their concentrations may reflect fat infiltration in animals with high lipomobilization (Adewuyi et al 2005). West (1990) also reported, that fat infiltration into the liver may affect the concentrations of some blood components, including the diminished concentrations of glucose, total proteins, albumin, and urea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between some variables of protein profile and indicators of lipomobilization in dairy cows after calving

2014

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The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of the main indicators of lipomobilization and selected variables of protein profile in dairy cows after calving, including immunoglobulins and acute phase proteins, as well as to evaluate the relationships between the altered lipid metabolism and changes in protein profile. Into the evaluation we included 54 clinically healthy dairy cows of a Slovak spotted breed, low-land black spotted breed and their crossbreeds in the period of 1-2 weeks after parturition. Blood samples were analysed for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA, mmol/l), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB, mmol/l), total proteins (TP, g/l), albumin (Alb, g/l), immunoglobulin G (IgG, g/l), haptoglobin (Hp, g/l) and serum amyloid A (SAA, mg/l). In cows with concentrations of NEFA above 0.35 mmol/l (n=20) we found significantly lower mean serum concentrations of total proteins, albumin and IgG than in cows with serum NEFA concentrations below 0.35 mmol/l (n=34) (P<0.001). On the other hand, cows with higher values of NEFA showed significantly higher mean concentrations of BHB, Hp and SAA (P<0.001). The concentrations of NEFA significantly negatively correlated with the values of TP (P<0.001), albumin (P<0.01) and IgG (P<0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between the concentrations of NEFA and BHB, Hp, as well as SAA (P<0.001). Similar correlations were also found between the values of BHB and the variables of protein profile except for albumin. This study indicates strong relationships between NEFA and selected variables of protein profile in cows after parturition.

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“…Cows were retrospectively classified into three different fat mobilization groups based on mean NEFA concentrations in the serum on day 2 and day 21 after calving, using common risk thresholds for postpartal NEFA concentrations in dairy cows (Adewuyi et al, 2005;Ospina et al, 2010;González et al, 2011). Cows were classified as Low, Medium, and High body fat mobilization group if serum NEFA concentrations were <0.4 mmol/l, between 0.4 and 0.7, and >0.7 mmol/l, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic adaptation and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows experiencing different lipolysis early postpartum

Humer

Khol-Parisini

Grüber

et al. 2016

Animal

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Metabolic adaptation includes an array of concerted metabolic and endocrine events that enable dairy cows bridging the period of energy deficit at the onset of lactation. The present study evaluated metabolic, endocrine and reticuloruminal pH changes in 30 (25 Holstein and five Simmental) periparturient dairy cows experiencing variable lipolysis early postpartum. Cows were fed the same close-up and fresh lactation diets and kept in the same management conditions. Blood samples were collected at day 14, and day 4, relative to expected parturition, and at day 2, and day 21 postpartum, and serum metabolites and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as concentrations of several liver enzymes and acute phase proteins were determined. Additionally, reticuloruminal pH was monitored every 10 min over the last 3 days of the observation period. BW and milk yields were recorded and balances of energy and protein were assessed. Based on serum concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) postpartum, cows were retrospectively classified into low (n = 8), medium (n = 11), and high (n = 11) lipolysis groups, with NEFA levels of <0.4 mmol/l, between 0.4 and 0.7 mmol/l, and >0.7 mmol/l, respectively. Overall, elevated NEFA concentrations in the High group went along with a higher ratio of NEFA to cholesterol and reduced insulin sensitivity. While serum glucose, energy deficit and BW loss did not differ, cows of the High group exhibited increased lactate concentrations in the serum, compared with the Medium group. No differences in liver enzymes and acute phase proteins were evidenced among fat mobilization groups, whereas concentration of serum billirubin was lowest in the Low group after parturition. Data of milk yield and milk energy output showed no differences among groups, despite divergences in calculated energy balance and BW change postpartum. Cows of the Low group tended to increase dry matter intake but also showed longer time duration of pH below 6.0 in the reticulorumen (on average 299 min/day compared with 99 and 91 min/day for Medium and High groups, respectively). Differences in metabolic, endocrine and reticuloruminal pH responses indicate diverse metabolic adaptation strategies of early-lactation cows to cope with energy deficit postpartum.Keywords: transition dairy cow, fat mobilization, energy metabolism, energy balance, milk production ImplicationsSmooth metabolic adaptation and maintaining rumen health are highly important during the transition period in dairy cows. This study monitored changes in metabolic and endocrine responses and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows that experienced different degrees of lipolysis early postpartum. The findings of different metabolic adaptation strategies to cope with the energy deficit postpartum and the differences regarding reticuloruminal pH indicate a role of rumen fermentation in the metabolic adaptation of dairy cows. This implies that it is necessary to find a proper balance between prevention of rumen fermentation disorders an...

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Non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in dairy cattle. A review

Cited by 277 publications

References 68 publications

Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions

Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions

Relationship between some variables of protein profile and indicators of lipomobilization in dairy cows after calving

Metabolic adaptation and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows experiencing different lipolysis early postpartum

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