Non-exercise activity thermogenesis in the workplace: The office is on fire

Rizzato, Alex; Marcolin, Giuseppe; Paoli, Antonio

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024856

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…a low number of daily steps) can blunt metabolic benefits in response to both acute 83–85 and chronic 86 exercise (for a recent review on this topic we refer the reader to Coyle et al 87 ). An additional countermeasure that could be potentially interesting for limiting the metabolic impact of SR without actually increasing the number of the daily steps would be to increase the non‐exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), 27 employing standing workstations and gymnastic balls 88 …”

Section: Step Reduction Model In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced physical activity: Insights from the human step reduction model and animal analogues

et al. 2023

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Physical inactivity represents a heavy burden for modern societies and is spreading worldwide, it is a recognised pandemic and is the fourth cause of global mortality. Not surprisingly, there is an increasing interest in longitudinal studies on the impact of reduced physical activity on different physiological systems. This narrative review focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms of step reduction (SR), an experimental paradigm that involves a sudden decrease in participants' habitual daily steps to a lower level, mimicking the effects of a sedentary lifestyle. Analogous animal models of reduced physical activity, namely, the “wheel‐lock” and the “cage reduction” models, which can provide the foundation for human studies, are also discussed. The empirical evidence obtained thus far shows that even brief periods of reduced physical activity can lead to substantial alterations in skeletal muscle health and metabolic function. In particular, decrements in lean/muscle mass, muscle function, muscle protein synthesis, cardiorespiratory fitness, endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, together with an increased fat mass and inflammation, have been observed. Exercise interventions seem particularly effective for counteracting these pathophysiological alterations induced by periods of reduced physical activity. A direct comparison of SR with other human models of unloading, such as bed rest and lower limb suspension/immobilisation, is presented. In addition, we propose a conceptual framework aiming to unravel the mechanisms of muscle atrophy and insulin resistance in the specific context of reduced ambulatory activity. Finally, methodological considerations, knowledge gaps and future directions for both animal and human models are also discussed in the review.

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Section: Step Reduction Model In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced physical activity: Insights from the human step reduction model and animal analogues

et al. 2023

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“…Total energy expenditure (TEE) includes three components in adults, namely basal/resting energy expenditure (BEE), the thermal effect of the food (TEF), and activity–energy expenditure (AEE) [ 1 ]. The AEE is further subdivided into non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) and exercise energy expenditure (EEE) [ 2 ]. NEAT is the energy consumed during physical activities other than volitional exercises, such as daily living activities, maintaining posture, and any body movement, making skeletal muscles consume energy above the resting level, usually over 1.6 metabolic equivalents (METs) [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, TEE is determined by body size and composition, behavior, and environment, i.e., the larger the body-especially with larger fat-free mass (FFM), as is the case for athletes-the higher the energy requirements for maintaining homeostasis, and thus the higher the BEE [2]. In the case of low energy provision, the resting metabolic Metabolites 2024, 14, 167 2 of 12 rate (RMR) is expected to decrease, so the RMR may be considered a proxy for EA [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization during Energy and Protein Availability in Male and Female Athletes

Abulmeaty,

Almajwal,

Elsayed

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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Active athletes frequently develop low energy (LEA) and protein availabilities (LPA) with consequent changes in the vital metabolic processes, especially resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate utilization. This study investigated the association of energy and protein intakes with RMR and substrate utilization in male and female athletes and those with LEA and LPA. Sixty athletes (35% female, 26.83 ± 7.12 y) were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis were reported to estimate fat-free mass (eFFM). Dietary intakes were recorded by two-day multiple-pass 24 h recall records and three-day food records and then analyzed by food processor software to calculate protein intake (PI) and energy intake (EI). Indirect calorimetry was used to measure RMR and percentages of substrate utilization. Activity–energy expenditure (AEE) was assessed by using an Actighrphy sensor for three days. Energy availability was calculated using the following formula (EA = EI − AEE/eFFM). The correlation of EI and PI with RMR and substrate utilization was tested with Pearson correlation. In the LEA group, both EI and PI correlated positively with RMR (r = 0.308, 0.355, respectively, p < 0.05). In addition, EI showed a positive correlation with the percentage of fat utilization. In the male and sufficient-PA groups, PI correlated positively with the RMR and negatively with the percentage of protein utilization. In conclusion, the percentage of LEA is markedly prevalent in our sample, with a higher prevalence among males. Athletes with LEA had lower fat utilization and lower RMR, while those with sufficient PA showed lower protein utilization with excessive PI. These findings may explain the metabolic responses in the cases of LEA and LPA.

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“…Simultaneously, over the years, technology has reduced human caloric expenditure during daily activities and in work settings [10]. Sedentariness, defined as "any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 METs", [11] increased in the world population, representing a high risk to people's health [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, sedentary time and motivation to change: an Italian survey

Pippi,

Mortati,

Fruttini

et al. 2024

Physical Activity Review

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Given the high levels of inactivity and sedentary lifestyle in the general population and the barriers (including motivational ones) to the practice of regular physical activity, our study aims to evaluate the physical activity levels (PAL), sitting time (SIT), and motivation to change (MTC) lifestyle in a group of volunteer adults participating in an online survey promoted in some Italian regions. From December 2022 to March 2023, 127 adults (65 men and 62 women, mean age=40.17±14.83 years), volunteers, were involved in this study. Participants were invited to complete one-time online survey. General information, anthropometric, and questionnaire measures were collected. According to inclusion criteria, four participants were excluded; here we present results for 123 subjects. Data were studied for active/inactive and gender subgroups. Finally, the PAL and SIT categories were linked to motivational data. 54.8% of the participants did not report particular pathologies. 52.8% of participants replied that they regularly exercised. 44.4% engaged in physical activity alone, while 27% did so with friends, and 23.8% with a kinesiologist. Differences were observed both in the energy expenditure due to vigorous PA and in total energy expenditure. Regarding SIT, there were no differences between genders during weekdays. All the sample presented a high percentage in contemplation status but had medium scores in preparation and maintenance status. A statistically significant difference was observed in the contemplation state: we found higher average values regarding self-efficacy and readiness to change in men. It is necessary to plan campaigns to raise awareness and monitor the population's lifestyles beginning in the first decades of adulthood, promoting healthy lifestyle education initiatives to control the risk of non-communicable diseases.

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Non-exercise activity thermogenesis in the workplace: The office is on fire

Cited by 6 publications

References 109 publications

Pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced physical activity: Insights from the human step reduction model and animal analogues

Pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced physical activity: Insights from the human step reduction model and animal analogues

Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization during Energy and Protein Availability in Male and Female Athletes

Physical activity, sedentary time and motivation to change: an Italian survey

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