Non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) for bioavailability assessment of organic hydrophobic compounds in soils

Puglisi, Edoardo; Patterson, Colin J.; Paton, Graeme I.

doi:10.1051/agro:2003049

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, for those hydrophobic organic chemicals such as PAHs with poor aqueous solubility and strong affinity toward soil organic matter, extraction of this fraction using an aqueous solution has great limitations, since only a small amount of these compounds exists in the aqueous phase, while a large labile and potentially bioavailable pool remains in the solid phase. To solve this problem, some authors [19,23,24] proposed to enhance the solubility of these chemicals with cyclodextrin solutions. It was observed that organic chemicals extracted with cyclodextrin solutions were strongly correlated with their bioavailable portions [19].…”

Section: Desorbing Fraction Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in soils

Gao

Zeng

Shen

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Desorbing Fraction Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in soils

Gao

Zeng

Shen

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Tenax has been applied previously and validated as a reliable method [16], whereas HPCD has been validated for PAHs [13] but not for PCBs. Tenax has been applied previously and validated as a reliable method [16], whereas HPCD has been validated for PAHs [13] but not for PCBs.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tenax hydrophobic resins (Chrompack, Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands) and cyclodextrins recently were proven to give a reliable estimation for the bioavailable fraction of contaminants [12,13]. Tenax hydrophobic resins (Chrompack, Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands) and cyclodextrins recently were proven to give a reliable estimation for the bioavailable fraction of contaminants [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we focused on the available fractions (fractions 2 and 3) and compared them to the total extractable fraction (fractions 2-4). Tenax hydrophobic resins (Chrompack, Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands) and cyclodextrins recently were proven to give a reliable estimation for the bioavailable fraction of contaminants [12,13]. The Tenax method has been widely applied to assess the bioavailability of PCBs in sediments [14][15][16], and it was demonstrated to extract, in a single step, the total bioavailable fraction of several organic contaminants, including PCBs [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction and bioanalysis of the ecotoxicologically relevant fraction of contaminants in sediments

Puglisi

Murk

Berg

et al. 2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Assessments of the risk connected to the contamination of soils and sediments should rely on a multidisciplinary approach based on both chemical and biological techniques (i.e., the sum of exposure and effects assessment). The dioxin-responsive, chemical-activated luciferase expression (DR-CALUX) bioassay is widely applied for evaluation of the toxicity of sediments after an exhaustive extraction of the contaminants, and results are used for risk assessment purposes. Approaches based on total extraction of contaminants do not take into account the importance of bioavailability and aging processes, thus leading to possible overestimations of risk. In the present work, an approach based on nonexhaustive extraction techniques in combination with an in vitro reporter gene assay was tested on sediment samples contaminated with dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other xenobiotics. Tenax and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extractions over time were carried out to determine the bioavailable fractions, whereas the residual fractions were determined by means of a microwave-assisted exhaustive extraction. For both fractions, contaminant concentrations were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, and the toxic potency was determined by the DR-CALUX assay. Assessments of bioavailable fractions of PCBs by Tenax and HPCD gave comparable results and showed that after several years of aging, a considerable fraction (38-70% of the total content for different PCBs) is still available and ecotoxicologically relevant. Coupling of nonexhaustive extraction and bioanalyses leads to a more realistic and, generally, much lower estimated risk for the toxicity of the extracts as compared to commonly adopted exhaustive techniques.

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“…There is a need to develop and refine extraction techniques so that they can report the microbially available fraction because if a viable degrading population is 0378 present, it is likely that the factor restricting mineralisation of a contaminant is bioavailability [1,3]. However, instead of relying on an organic solvent to correlate with the bioavailable fraction, an alternative option is to use non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) [6]. However, instead of relying on an organic solvent to correlate with the bioavailable fraction, an alternative option is to use non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) for the prediction of naphthalene mineralisation in soil

Patterson¹,

Semple²,

Paton³

2004

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) have been shown to measure the putatively bioavailable fraction of hydrophobic compounds in soil. To date, these studies have only considered bioavailability in a single soil type. In this study, naphthalene was amended into five different soil types and mineralisation, bacterial biosensor response and the number of indigenous microbial naphthalene degraders were determined. Two NEETs were used to extract the naphthalene from soil; hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and XAD-4. The HPCD extractable fraction correlated closely (R2 = 0.917) with the portion that was mineralised, but the XAD-4 extract did not (R2 = 0.044). HPCD may be ideal for the rapid assessment of the fraction of a hydrophobic organic contaminant that is available for biodegradation. A NEET that complements environmental microbial analysis will enhance our understanding of soil pollution interactions and equip us better in designing risk assessment models that integrate biological parameters. This application, although refined for soil samples, should be transferable to other environmental matrices.

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Non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) for bioavailability assessment of organic hydrophobic compounds in soils

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in soils

Fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in soils

Extraction and bioanalysis of the ecotoxicologically relevant fraction of contaminants in sediments

Non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) for the prediction of naphthalene mineralisation in soil

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