1997
DOI: 10.1115/1.2829061
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Non-Gaussian Extreme Waves in the Central North Sea

Abstract: The area of the Central North Sea is notorious for the occurrence of very high waves in certain wave trains. The short-term distribution of these wave trains includes waves which are far steeper than predicted by the Rayleigh distribution. Such waves are often termed “extreme waves” or “freak waves.” An analysis of the extreme statistical properties of these waves has been made. The analysis is based on more than 12 yr of wave records from the Mærsk Olie og Gas AS operated Gorm Field which is located in the Da… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…There is then a good fit to a straight line, implying escapes occurring at random, at a frequency of one every 3.2/0.012 = 270 h. This is consistent with the discovery of the Draupner rogue wave as a rare event among some years of wave data, with presumably hundreds of hours of storm conditions. It is also consistent with the greater numbers of more extreme events (up to crest elevations of 2.07 times significant waveheight [17], as already noted) seen in the Gorm data, where the water depth was only 40 m. It suggests that the phenomenon of rogue waves may be largely explained as ordinary linear wave focusing, with the strongly nonlinear consequences suggested by particle escape. These strongly nonlinear consequences are quick-acting, in contrast to the slow weakly nonlinear evolution of extreme waves discussed at the start of this section, so there should be no need for very long wave flumes to see them.…”
Section: Figsupporting
confidence: 86%
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“…There is then a good fit to a straight line, implying escapes occurring at random, at a frequency of one every 3.2/0.012 = 270 h. This is consistent with the discovery of the Draupner rogue wave as a rare event among some years of wave data, with presumably hundreds of hours of storm conditions. It is also consistent with the greater numbers of more extreme events (up to crest elevations of 2.07 times significant waveheight [17], as already noted) seen in the Gorm data, where the water depth was only 40 m. It suggests that the phenomenon of rogue waves may be largely explained as ordinary linear wave focusing, with the strongly nonlinear consequences suggested by particle escape. These strongly nonlinear consequences are quick-acting, in contrast to the slow weakly nonlinear evolution of extreme waves discussed at the start of this section, so there should be no need for very long wave flumes to see them.…”
Section: Figsupporting
confidence: 86%
“…5 below) which corresponds to kd = 1.307 in the Draupner depth of d = 70 m, whereas the BenjaminFeir instability requires a minimum kd of 1.363 [10]. This is even more so in the depth of 40 m at the Gorm oil rig, where there is a much more extensive collection of published data [17], including rogue waves with wave-crest elevations up to 2.07 times the significant waveheight.…”
Section: Rogue Wavesmentioning
confidence: 94%
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“…An example is illustrated in figure 19, where three snapshots at intervals T p /2 are shown. In the following we consider effects related to groups containing extreme waves, starting with some empirical results by Skourup, Andreasen & Hansen (1996). They analysed more than 1600 hours of storm wave records from the central North Sea (the Gorm field).…”
Section: The Extreme Groupmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…looking for occurrences of abnormally high waves, which have been reported in an increasing number of works. Instrumental records have identified this type of wave in the North Sea (Skourup et al, 1996;Haver and Andersen, 2000;Wolfram et al, 2000;Guedes Soares et al, 2003;Magnusson and Donelan, 2013), the Sea of Japan (Yasuda and Mori, 1997;Mori et al, 2002), the Gulf of Mexico (Guedes Soares et al, 2004) and even in the Baltic Sea (Didenkulova, 2011). A more comprehensive review of registered huge waves is made in Kharif et al (2009).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%