Non-Genetic and Genetic Effects on Growth Traits from Birth to 120 days of Age of G2 Sapera Goat

Abstract

Information on non-genetic and genetic factors is required in the selection program. Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) has been conducting a selection of the growth traits of Sapera goat (50% Saanen, 50% PE). This research was aimed to study non-genetic and genetic effects on growth traits from birth to the age of 120 days old of the 2<sup>nd </sup>generation (G<sub>2</sub>) of Sapera goat. Data on body weight and measurement were collected from kids at birth (105 head.) to the age of 120 days old (51 head). The 30 days interval growth data were calculated by linear interpolation. Non-genetic effects were analyzed by General Linear Model for unbalanced data by considering sex, type of birth, the month of kidding, and year of kidding as fixed variables. The genetic component was analyzed by a mixed linear model by considering sire as a random variable. Heritability was estimated by the paternal half-sib method. Non-genetic factors mostly had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on body weight and measurement. The 90 days old and 120 days old males had higher weights than females (P<0.05). Birth type and year of kidding had significant effects (P<0.05) on body weight and some measurements at certain ages. No significant months of kidding effect on the growth traits (P>0.05). Heritability values of body weight (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.11-0.19) and body sizes (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.03-0.24) were relatively low. Except high heritability values for birth weight and for body weight at 30 days old (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.59 and 0.29), and for hip girth at 30 days old and at 60 days old (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.13-0.54). The growth traits of G<sub>2</sub> Sapera kids were affected by sex and year of kidding and slightly influenced by genetic (sires) factors.

Diversity of milk traits in 25 goat breeds

“…Saanen from Italy, La Mancha, Saanen from Croatia, Camosciata delle Alpi, Charmoisée, Murciano-Granadina, and Alpine are dairy goat breeds that have high milk production. In Indonesia, crosses of Saanen and Etawah Grade (Sapera) are carried out to obtain a breed with high milk production with tropical climate resistance [12]. In Brazil, Saanen and Anglo-Nubian breeds were crossed in an effort to strengthen the rusticity [13].…”

“…In Brazil, Saanen and Anglo-Nubian breeds were crossed in an effort to strengthen the rusticity [13]. Sapera has a higher production than Etawah Grade [10,11] and has a higher fat content than Saanen [6,10,12]. Sapera, Sarda Primitiva, and Etawah Grade have a higher fat content among other breeds.…”

Association of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Gene Polymorphisms on Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Holstein Friesian Cows in Indonesia

“…Based on previous studies have reported that genetic polymorphisms of the SCD gene were associated with fatty acid quality, provided in dairy cattle (Alim et al, 2012;Asmarasari et al, 2020), goats (Avilés et al, 2016), pigs (Fernández-Barroso et al, 2020), and chicken (Furqon et al, 2017). Differences in fatty acid composition can be caused by differences in feed consumption (Alsharari et al, 2020), breed, and genetic factors (Anggraeni et al, 2020). The SCD enzyme activity was significantly related to unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), especially in bovine fat tissue (Li et al, 2016).…”

Effect of Litter Size on Milk Production of Does and Pre-weaning Growth of Kids in Crosses of Boer and Peranakan Ettawa (PE) Goats

“…Produksi air susu induk nyata (P<0,05) dipengaruhi oleh litter size, dalam hal ini, dengan pemberian pakan yang lebih baik ternyata produksi susu Kambing PE beranak kembar 14% lebih tinggi dibanding produksi susu induk beranak tunggal (803 vs 989 ml). Hasil ini sesuai dengan Butterworth et al (1998) dan Anggraeni et al (2020), bahwa litter size adalah salah satu factor yang mempengaruhi produksi susu kambing pedaging. Demikian pula pendapat Owen (1989), Peart et al (1992) dan Sitorus et al (2005), bahwa produksi susu induk beranak kembar lebih tinggi dibanding induk beranak tunggal.…”

“…Hal ini, menurut Silitonga dan Kuswandi ( 2004), karena frekuensi menyusu anak kembar secara keseluruhan lebih banyak disbanding anak tunggal sehingga menimbulkan refleksi neuroendokrin lebih sering. Akibat reflek ini adalah dilepaskannya hormone oxytoxin yang lebih banyak ke peredaran darah yang beraksi pada sel myoepithel (sel otot halus) sekitar alveoli kelenjar ambing sehingga air susu siap dikeluarkan dari kelenjarnya (Hafez, 1987;Anggraeni et al, 2020).…”