Non-genomic actions of thyroid hormones: Molecular aspects

Osmak-Tizon, L.; Poussier, M.; Cottin, Yves; Rochette, Luc

doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2014.02.001

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…TH non-genomic actions that do not require TH binding to nuclear receptors are well-described in the literature (127–130). Actions are immediate and include several interactions of TH with extranuclear receptors, including TRα and TRβ, located in the cytoplasm, cellular membrane, cytoskeleton and mitochondria, modulating several intracellular pathways.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Thyroid Hormones Actions In the Adult Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormones in the Brain and Their Impact in Recovery Mechanisms After Stroke

et al. 2019

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Thyroid hormones are of fundamental importance for brain development and essential factors to warrant brain functions throughout life. Their actions are mediated by binding to specific intracellular and membranous receptors regulating genomic and non-genomic mechanisms in neurons and populations of glial cells, respectively. Among others, mechanisms include the regulation of neuronal plasticity processes, stimulation of angiogenesis and neurogenesis as well modulating the dynamics of cytoskeletal elements and intracellular transport processes. These mechanisms overlap with those that have been identified to enhance recovery of lost neurological functions during the first weeks and months after ischemic stroke. Stimulation of thyroid hormone signaling in the postischemic brain might be a promising therapeutic strategy to foster endogenous mechanisms of repair. Several studies have pointed to a significant association between thyroid hormones and outcome after stroke. With this review, we will provide an overview on functions of thyroid hormones in the healthy brain and summarize their mechanisms of action in the developing and adult brain. Also, we compile the major thyroid-modulated molecular pathways in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke that can enhance recovery, highlighting thyroid hormones as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Thyroid Hormones Actions In the Adult Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormones in the Brain and Their Impact in Recovery Mechanisms After Stroke

et al. 2019

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“…[ 5 ] Although nongenomic actions of TH are recognized but its major actions are mediated by binding to specific receptors which are called thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in the nucleus of target cells. [ 6 ] There are two thyroid hormone receptor genes (TRa, TRb) present on chromosomes 17 and 3, respectively. Each thyroid hormone receptor genes gene undergoes alternate splicing to generate TRa1, TRa2, TRb1, and TRb2 isoforms, each with differing tissue distributions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hypothyroidism on female reproductive hormones

Saran

Gupta

Philip

et al. 2016

Indian J Endocr Metab

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Objective:Objective was to evaluate reproductive hormones levels in hypothyroid women and impact of treatment on their levels.Materials and Methods:A total of 59 women with untreated primary hypothyroidism were included in this prospective study. Venous blood was taken at baseline and after euthyroidism was achieved for measuring serum free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and thyroid peroxidase antibody. Thirty-nine healthy women with regular menstrual cycles without any hormonal disturbances served as controls. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 20 ([SPSS] IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:On an average at diagnosis cases have more serum TSH (mean [M] = 77.85; standard error [SE] = 11.72), PRL (M = 39.65; SE = 4.13) and less serum E2 (M = 50.00; SE = 2.25) and T (M = 35.40; SE = 2.31) than after achieving euthyroidism (M = 1.74; SE = 0.73), (M = 16.04; SE = 0.84), (M = 76.25; SE = 2.60), and (M = 40.29; SE = 2.27), respectively. This difference was statistically significant t (58) = 6.48, P <0.05; t (58) = 6.49, P < 0.05; t (58) = 12.47; P < 0.05; and t (58) = 2.04, P < 0.05; respectively. Although average serum FSH (M = 12.14; SE = 0.40) and LH (M = 5.89; SE = 0.27) were lower in cases at diagnosis than after achieving euthyroidism (M = 12.70; SE = 0.40), (M = 6.22; SE = 0.25), respectively, but these differences were statistically insignificant t (58) = 1.61, P = 0.11; t (58) = 1.11, P = 0.27, respectively.Conclusion:The study has demonstrated low E2 and T levels in hypothyroid women which were increased after achieving euthyroidism. Although average serum FSH and LH were increased in hypothyroid women after achieving euthyroidism but this difference was statistically insignificant.

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“…All three patients had substantial recovery of cardiac function after effective control of Graves' disease and cardiac intervention. Thyroid hormones exert their effects on cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth muscle and vascular endothelium by both genomic (fT3) and non-genomic (fT3 and fT4) actions (7). While these mechanisms control effects on heart rate and rhythm, other effects such as changes to autonomic function may also contribute to cardiovascular actions (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant cardiac disease complicating Graves’ disease in previously healthy young adults

Witczak

Ubaysekara

Ravindran

et al. 2020

Endocrinology, Diabetes &Amp; Metabolism Case Reports

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Summary Graves’ disease is associated with tachydysrythmia, cardiac ischaemia and cardiomyopathy – all uncommon in young adults without previous cardiac disease. We present three young individuals who developed cardiac complications after periods of uncontrolled Graves’ disease. Subject 1: A 34-year-old female had severe thyrotoxic symptoms for weeks. Investigations showed fT4: 98.4 (11–25 pmol/L), fT3: 46.9 (3.1–6.8 pmol/L), TSH <0.01 (0.27–4.2 mU/L) and thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb): 34.8 (<0.9 U//l). She had appropriate treatment but several weeks later she became breathless despite improving thyroid function. Echocardiography showed a pericardial effusion of 2.9 cm. She responded well to steroids and NSAIDs but developed active severe Graves’ orbitopathy after early total thyroidectomy. Subject 2: A 28-year-old male developed thyrotoxic symptoms (fT4: 38 pmol/L, fT3: 13.9 pmol/L, TSH <0.01 (for over 6 months) and TRAb: 9.3 U/L). One month after starting carbimazole, he developed acute heart failure (HF) due to severe dilated cardiomyopathy – EF 10–15%. He partially recovered after treatment – EF 28% and had early radioiodine treatment. Subject 3: A 42-year-old woman who had been thyrotoxic for several months (fT4: 54.3; fT3 >46.1; TSH <0.01; TRAb: 4.5) developed atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure. Echocardiography showed cardiomegaly – EF 29%. She maintains sinus rhythm following early total thyroidectomy (EF 50%). Significant cardiac complications may occur in previously fit young adults, who have had uncontrolled Graves’ disease for weeks to months. Cardiac function recovers in the majority, but early definitive treatment should be discussed to avoid Graves’ disease relapse and further cardiac decompensation. Learning points: Cardiac complications of Graves’ disease are uncommon in young adults without previous cardiac disease. These complications may however occur if Graves’ disease had been poorly controlled for several weeks or months prior to presentation. Persistent symptoms after adequate control should alert clinicians to the possibility of cardiac disease. Specific treatment of Graves’ disease and appropriate cardiac intervention results in complete recovery in the majority and carries a good prognosis. Early definitive treatment should be offered to them to prevent cardiac decompensation at times of further relapse.

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Non-genomic actions of thyroid hormones: Molecular aspects

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Thyroid Hormones in the Brain and Their Impact in Recovery Mechanisms After Stroke

Thyroid Hormones in the Brain and Their Impact in Recovery Mechanisms After Stroke

Effect of hypothyroidism on female reproductive hormones

Significant cardiac disease complicating Graves’ disease in previously healthy young adults

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