Non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol in adolescence as a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in adulthood

Abstract

Defined as the total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL cholesterol has been increasingly acknowledged as a measure of risk estimation for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Comprising of apolipoprotein B100containing cholesterols (very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a))), and apolipoprotein B48-containing lipoproteins (chylomicrons and its remnants), elevated serum levels of non-HDL cholesterol in early adolescence has been strongly linked with the development of ASCVD in adulthood. This article reviews the evidence from longitudinal studies, which demonstrate the cumulative risk of ASCVD in relation to the elevated levels of non-HDL cholesterol earlier in life.

Real-World Efficacy of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist, Dulaglutide, on Metabolic Parameters in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study

“…Indeed, reductions in VLDL-C levels by GLP-1 RA treatment were already reported [ 32 , 33 ]. Reductions in apoB-100 comprising lipoproteins including IDL, VLDL and LDL can be observed as the improvement in non-HDL-C levels [ 34 ], which was observed in our study.…”

Reference Interval for Non-HDL-Cholesterol, Remnant Cholesterol and Other Lipid Parameters in the Southern Iranian Population; Findings From Bandare Kong and Fasa Cohort Studies

“…Non-HDL-C represents the sum of cholesterol content of all atherogenic lipoproteins including LDL, VLDL, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), chylomicrons and their remnants. 21 In recent years, growing evidence shows the importance of non-HDL-C and remnant-C for CVD risk assessment. Interestingly, non-HDL-C has become the second treatment target in many guidelines.…”

“…Interestingly, non-HDL-C has become the second treatment target in many guidelines. 21 One problem is that reference values for serum non-HDL-C and remnant-C are not available, and laboratories tend to use RIs from the literature. However, the commutability of such data is not accepted.…”

The roles of lipids and inflammation in the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and arterial stiffness: evidence from two large population-based surveys

“…Dyslipidaemia, especially hypercholesterolemia, can cause changes in vascular stiffness and is a risk factor of CVD [ 15 ]. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is currently the primary lipid-lowering target; however, its use is limited, particularly in patients with high triglycerides and diabetes [ 16 ].…”

“…Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is currently the primary lipid-lowering target; however, its use is limited, particularly in patients with high triglycerides and diabetes [ 16 ]. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) constitutes all apoB-containing lipoprotein particles except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which also includes triglyceride-rich remnants [ 15 ]. Numerous researches have indicated that non-HDL-C is a better predictor of CVD than LDL-C alone [ 17 , 18 ].…”