Non-Hodgkin lymphoma among young adults with and without AIDS in Italy

Abstract

To compare the presentation and prognosis of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in people with AIDS (PWA) and in the general Italian population, a record linkage study was carried out. The fraction of NHLs attributable to HIV/AIDS was also estimated. Information from the National AIDS Registry (RAIDS) was linked with records from 13 cancer registries (CR), covering about 15% of the Italian population. During the period 1985–94, among PWA ages 15–49, 136 NHLs were identified (8% of all NHLs) and were compared with 1,481 concurrent incident NHL cases of the same age group among non‐PWA. Percentages above 13% of all NHLs were registered in the northern areas of Genoa and Varese, i.e., the most heavily affected by the AIDS epidemic. Between 1 year prior to and 3.5 years after AIDS diagnosis, PWA showed an overall standardised incidence ratio (SIR) for NHL of 302. SIR was particularly high (394) within 3 months after AIDS diagnosis and subsequently declined to 170. SIR was somewhat higher in females (428) than in males (280) but similar among intravenous‐drug users (299) and other HIV‐transmission groups (309). High‐grade NHL, particularly immunoblastic and Burkitt's lymphoma, were twice as frequent among PWA than non‐PWA. Conversely, low‐grade NHL were less frequent. Except for the high proportion of brain localisation, no clear difference emerged in the pattern of NHL presentation site in PWA compared with non‐PWA. At variance with NHL in the general population, among PWA histological grade had little impact on survival, which overall appeared to be very poor (2‐year survival: 10%; 95% confidence interval: 3%–17%). Our present linkage of RAIDS and CRs represents an efficient tool for the surveillance of trends in incidence and survival of NHL among PWA in Italy. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

The Challenge of AIDS-Related Malignancies in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…High-grade NHL was classified as AIDS-defining in 1985 [26] and large B cell lymphomas were added in 1987 [27]. Studies conducted in Western countries showed that the risk of NHL occurrence among HIV-infected subjects was particularly high compared to HIV-negative subjects with relative risks (RR) of at least 100 [28], [29], [30]. In the context of HIV infection, the classic forms of NHL display a B-phenotype and include Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (nodal or primary brain), primary effusion lymphoma and plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity [31].…”

Cancer incidence patterns among adolescents and young adults in the United States

“…Although the etiologies of most NHL are not well known [26], patients with acquired immunodeficiency secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), congenital or therapeutical immunodeficiency are at an elevated risk of both NHL and Kaposi's sarcoma [27][28][29][30]. Black persons had the highest incidence of AIDS among racial groups as of 1997 [31].…”

Survival After Cancer in Italian Persons With AIDS, 1986–2005

“…33 A different matching ratio had to be used for KS (1:1) and NHL (1:2), on account of the rarity of these malignancies in non-PWA of the same age as PWA. [34][35][36] Matching criteria included the following: cancer type (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, 3 digits), histological type (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition-ICDO-3 for NHL, HL, ICC, and nonmelanoma skin), sex, age at cancer diagnosis (in 5-year groups), period of diagnosis (1986-1990, 1991-1995, 1996-2000, and 2001-2005), and area (North, Center, South and Islands). 28 When no controls were found in the exact matching category (mainly in the case of KS), a less stringent matching criteria was used, which allowed the extraction from the nearest categories of area of living, period, or age.…”