Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and occupational radiation exposure assessed using local data

Karipidis, Kyriakos; Benke, Geza; Sim, Malcolm Ross; Fritschi, Lin; Vajdic, Claire M.; Kricker, Anne; Armstrong, Bruce K.

doi:10.1093/occmed/kqp096

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Furthermore, the questionnaire used to collect sun exposure data was validated, internationally used and detailed 24,50–52. The weaknesses are that only one facial site was investigated and the use of sunglasses and eyeglasses was not recorded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determinants of periorbital skin ageing in participants of a melanoma case–control study in the U.K.

Suppa

Elliott

Mikeljevic

et al. 2011

British Journal of Dermatology

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BackgroundSkin ageing is said to be caused by multiple factors. The relationship with sun exposure is of particular interest because the detrimental cutaneous effects of the sun may be a strong motivator to sun protection. We report a study of skin ageing in participants of an epidemiological study of melanoma.ObjectivesTo determine the predictors of periorbital cutaneous ageing and whether it could be used as an objective marker of sun exposure.MethodsPhotographs of the periorbital skin in 1341 participants were graded for wrinkles, degree of vascularity and blotchy pigmentation and the resultant data assessed in relation to reported sun exposure, sunscreen use, body mass index (BMI), smoking and the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene status. Data were analysed using proportional odds regression.ResultsWrinkling was associated with age and heavy smoking. Use of higher sun-protection factor sunscreen was protective (P=0·01). Age, male sex, MC1R variants (‘r’, P=0·01; ‘R’, P=0·02), higher reported daily sun exposure (P=0·02), increased BMI (P=0·01) and smoking (P=0·02) were risk factors for hypervascularity. Blotchy pigmentation was associated with age, male sex, higher education and higher weekday sun exposure (P=0·03). More frequent sunscreen use (P=0·02) and MC1R variants (‘r’, P=0·03; ‘R’, P=0·001) were protective.ConclusionsPeriorbital wrinkling is a poor biomarker of reported sun exposure. Vascularity is a better biomarker as is blotchy pigmentation, the latter in darker-skinned individuals. In summary, male sex, sun exposure, smoking, obesity and MC1R variants were associated with measures of cutaneous ageing. Sunscreen use showed some evidence of being protective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determinants of periorbital skin ageing in participants of a melanoma case–control study in the U.K.

Suppa

Elliott

Mikeljevic

et al. 2011

British Journal of Dermatology

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“…An initial questionnaire (including a residence calendar) was completed by the participants, at home, and mailed to the interviewer, and more detailed sun exposure data were subsequently collected by telephone based upon the residence calendar as described by Armstrong (20). Comprehensive calendar data on self-reported weekday and weekend sun exposure habits throughout life were collected, as were details about latitude of residence and sun exposure habits during vacations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanocytic Nevi, Nevus Genes, and Melanoma Risk in a Large Case-Control Study in the United Kingdom

Newton-Bishop

Chang

Iles

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

109

116

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Background Increased number of melanocytic nevi is a potent melanoma risk factor. We have carried out a large population-based case-control study to explore the environmental and genetic determinants of nevi and the relationship with melanoma risk. Methods We report nevus phenotype in relation to differing patterns of sun exposure, inherited variation at loci shown in recent genome-wide association studies to be nevus genes, and risk. Results Increased numbers of nevi were associated with holiday sun exposure, particularly on intermittently sun-exposed body sites (test for trend p<0.0001). Large nevi were also associated with holiday sun exposure (p=0.002). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 9 and 22 were associated with increased numbers of nevi (p=0.04 and p=0.002 respectively) and larger nevi (p=0.03 and p=0.002), whereas that on chromosome 6 was associated only with large nevi (p=0.01). Melanoma risk was associated with increased nevus count, large nevi and atypical nevi for tumors in all body sites (including rare sites) irrespective of age. The risk persisted when adjusted for inheritance of nevus SNPs. Conclusions The at-risk nevus phenotype is associated with behaviors known to increase melanoma risk (holiday sun exposure). Although SNPs on chromosomes 6, 9 and 22 were shown to be nevus genes they explained only a small proportion of melanoma risk and nevus phenotype; therefore a number of nevus genes likely remain to be identified. Impact This paper confirms the importance of nevi in melanoma pathogenesis and increases understanding of their genetic determinants.

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“…We have carried out a large case-control study using a very detailed sun exposure questionnaire (10) in order to better understand the complexities of the relationship between sun exposure and melanoma risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between sun exposure and melanoma risk for tumours in different body sites in a large case-control study in a temperate climate

Newton-Bishop

Chang

Elliott

et al. 2011

European Journal of Cancer

101

116

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Aim A melanoma case-control study was conducted to elucidate the complex relationship between sun exposure and risk. Methods 960 population-ascertained cases, 513 population and 174 sibling controls recruited in England provided detailed sun exposure and phenotype data; a subset provided serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels. Results Phenotypes associated with a tendency to sunburn and reported sunburn at ≥20 years of age were associated with increased melanoma risk (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.23-1.99). Holiday sun exposure was not associated with an increased melanoma risk although this may be in part because reported sun exposure overall was much lower in those with a sun-sensitive phenotype, particularly among controls. Head and neck melanoma was associated with less sun exposure on holidays at low latitudes (OR 0.39, 95% CI (0.23-0.68) for > 13 hours /year compared to <3.1). Overall the clearest relationship between reported sun exposure and risk was for average weekend sun exposure in warmer months, which was protective (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.89 for highest versus lowest tertile of exposure). Serum vitamin D levels were strongly associated with increased weekend and holiday sun exposure. Conclusions Sun-sensitive phenotypes and reported sunburn were associated with an increased risk of melanoma. Although no evidence was seen of a causal relationship between holiday sun exposure and increased risk, this is consistent with the view that intense sun exposure is causal for melanoma in those prone to sunburn. A protective effect of regular weekend sun exposure was seen, particularly for limb tumours, which could be mediated by photoadaption or higher vitamin D levels.

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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and occupational radiation exposure assessed using local data

Abstract: The application of an Australian JEM did not provide evidence for an association between NHL and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and is consistent with previous analyses.

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

The determinants of periorbital skin ageing in participants of a melanoma case–control study in the U.K.

The determinants of periorbital skin ageing in participants of a melanoma case–control study in the U.K.

Melanocytic Nevi, Nevus Genes, and Melanoma Risk in a Large Case-Control Study in the United Kingdom

Relationship between sun exposure and melanoma risk for tumours in different body sites in a large case-control study in a temperate climate

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